Ronald Reagans Space Shuttle Challenger Essay -- essays research pape

Ronald Reagans Space Shuttle ChallengerSince the presidency of George Washington, the masses of The United States have saturnine to the commander in chief in times of distress to receive assurance and intrust. Kurt Ritter comments on President Reagans address to the nation burstn on January 28, 1986 saying, Perhaps no president could have fulfilled the countrys need to mourn and, then, to begin to heal as skillfully as Ronald Reagan (Ritter, 3). On that morning the space shuttle Challenger violently exploded while the nation watched live televised coverage of the shuttles launch. President Reagan was scheduled to give his State of the Union Address on that date, but instead he reached out the country in this time of mourning. He spoke from his oval piece to heartbroken teachers, children, NASA Space Engineers, and the entire country. President Reagans reaction to the tragedy of the challenger guided the United States out of despair and into a new watery of hope behind seven fa llen heroes. In this essay I will show that Reagan gave our country a new light of hope done his emphasis on Pathos but also incorporating Ethos and Logos in this memorable presentation. There is no doubt that the when the President of the United States speaks everyone listens to what he has to say. This credibility makes the Ethos of Reagans Speech almost unsurpassable. As mentioned Reagan was scheduled to give a State of the Union Address to our country on the evening of January 28, 1986. Instead, he postponed it, because the tier of the day was tragedy. Here he wanted to give an upbeat mother tongue about America moving ahead. It just didnt fit. It seemed in congruous (Weinraub). He showed the country that his priority is the emotions of his people by, for the graduation exercise time in history, postponing on the State of the Union speech in order to discuss the current event. This fortify the creditability of his argument immensely. He likened the astronauts to pioneers a nd stated in his speech that They had a special grace, that special spirit that says, Give me a challenge and Ill meet it with joy. With this he appeals to the spiritual side of his audience using the word grace to describe the fallen. Again, The president concluded by attaching the nations sorrow to Gods grace (Ritter, 4). He said As they prepared for there journey and waved ... ...ng that nothing ends here. Reagans speech on the night of January 28, 1986 dramatically took the first step toward uniting the country in its grief (Ritter, 4). Ronald Reagan reached out to the schoolchildren of America and all other citizens of the United States to counsel them in time of tragedy. He gave hope to the nation through emotional and spiritual reference. He was effective in conveying his message but the way his thoughts were organized was in part ineffective. His speech is very unorganized, and he could have ordered his thoughts better. More importantly than disorganization though, Ronald R eagan reached out to a nation that needed him as there president. He gave the people of the United States hope and Reassurance, a task that the President has been expected to do since the beginning of our country. CitationsApple, R.W. Jr. President As Healer. The New York Times 28 Jan. 1986A2.Ritter, Kurt, and David Heary. Ronald Reagan The corking Communicator. Connecticut Greenwood, 1992.Sloan, Thomas O. ed. Technical Communication New York Oxford University Press, 2001.Weinraub, Bernard Reagan Postpones State of Union Speech. The New York Times 29 Jan. 1986A9.

Kandinsky and Diebenkorn Artists :: essays research papers

Wassily Kandinsky was one of the best-known abstract painters and one of the most influential artists of his generation. He was born in Moscow, Russia on December 4th, 1866. From 1886-92, he study law and economics at the University of Moscow. Kandinsky declined a teaching position in order to study art in Munich, Russia with Anton Azbe from 1897 to 1899 and at the Kunstakademie with Franz von Stuck in 1900. He died in a suburb of Paris on December 13th, 1944. Born on April 22nd, 1922 in Portland, Oregon, Richard Diebenkorn became a leading Abstract Expressionist. He enrolled at Stanford University in 1940. At first, he painted in a style influenced by Edward Hopper that by the late 1940s and early 1950s he began brisk and working in various places. Soon he developed his own style of Abstract Expressionist painting. Diebenkorn became an important figurative painter in the mid-1950s but returned to abstraction in 1967 in a geometric style. He died on March 30th, 1993. The work of Kandinsky and Diebenkorn were similar and contrasting in many ways. Both artists employ at least some geometric figures in their paintings, unique colourise and unique patterns. Kandinsky used brighter colors and a greater intermixture of them. Although Diebenkorn?s colors were unique, they were kind of dull and there wasn?t as much of a variety. Also, Dibenkorn?s art was fairly simple compared to Kandinsky. Kandinsky filled the paper with many different shapes, scattered everywhere but Diebenkorn just stuck to rectangular and triangular figures mostly and rarely used circular figures. Kandinsky mostly used a bright variety of colors in his works. His art was based mainly on different kinds of shapes but usually contained lines. In some of his paintings, the texture is smooth like in ?Blue Painting?, but in others it is a bit rough like in ?Color Studies.? Kandinsky?s paintings made up only of shapes choose their objects cluttered together with only a few objects by themselves. These shapes include triangles, circles, squares, rectangles, and everything in between. The colors in his art works help unite the pieces and sum up it all together by fading and such in certain aspects. In a lot of Kandinsky?s paintings, there really isn?t anything that is paramount because there are so many pieces and unique objects.

Summary and Analysis of The Millers Tale Essay -- Canterbury Tales Th

Summary and Analysis of The Millers TaleWhen the Knight had finished, everybody decided that he had told a noble story. The drunken Miller claims that he has a history as noble as the one the Knight had told. The host tried to quiet the Miller, entirely he demanded to speak. He claims that he will ensure the recital of a carpenter and his wife. His tale will be one of infidelity. The narrator attempts to apologize for the tale that will pursue, admitting that the Miller is not well-bred and will therefore tell a bawdy tale. AnalysisIt is in the prologues to the various tales that Chaucer comments on the tales that his characters have told. This serves as an internal critique of the tales that Chaucer has written. In this prologue, the Miller constructs the authors reaction to the Knights Tale. The Miller mocks the noble messages of the Knights Tale, and prepares to tell a tale that he finds equally uplifting. The tale that will follow is unreservedly bawdy and lowbrow, a necessa ry antidote to the oppressive sense of epic honor that permeates the stodgy Knights tale. The Canterbury Tales offer Chaucer an opportunity for experimentation, for he has created characters who create their possess stories. Therefore the stories are not simply an extension of Geoffrey Chaucers imagination. The story of Palamon and Arcite is a tale that a man such as the Knight might tell the inflated pomposity of the tale is a deliberate move by Chaucer, purposely adhering to the Knights personality even at some dramatic and narrative expense. This as well affords Chaucer the opportunity to engage in forms of disreputable humor, as the Millers Tale will demonstrate. Chaucer even separates himself from the tale that the Miller has told, claiming th... ...s into taking tubs onto the roof. hardly Nicholas does not suffer for his romantic pursuits. He does not court Alison rather, in his first encounter with her Nicholas grabs her crotch before even speaking. Nicholas only receive s a form of punishment when he attempts to trick Absolon with a kiss for the second time, and in this occasion Nicholas suffers not because he has broken any moral codes, but because he was foolish to try the same trick twice. Only Alison escapes any form of retribution, for she is the one who is consistently cunning and wily. She receives no punishment for her infidelity, while the characters who are the most overtly virtuous (John and Absolon) are the ones who suffer the most. The Millers tale thus prizes the characters who are the most shrewd rather than those who hold more sentimental emotions or obey traditional standards of behavior.

Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

Migrant workers went through a lot of struggles. They went through life and death situations, prejudice, and one of the most important things of all they had to keep their family and large number together and keep believing that they would make it to a better life. The things they go through while immigrating change their views on life forever. Some for the good some for the bad.They said, these god dammed okies are skanky and ignorant. Theyre degenerate, sexual maniacs. Theyll steal anything. Theyve got no sense of property rights (Steinbeck 363).One of the hardest things that immigrants went through was prejudice. Cops and towns men where always after the okies because they where dirty and didnt have a stable home. The immigrants from Mexico experienced the same hardships. The farm owners hated them. They just wanted them to do their job and leave. The farm owners didnt apprehension that they had a family to feed, they wanted to screw them over and pay them as less money as th ey could. Its weird how the same prejudice is still around. No matter how nice a person is if they dont dress the same or have the same interests they are disliked. As usual in that location had been violent incidents on the picket line. A union member had been run over (Del Castillo, Garcia 84). People everyday that went on strikes put their lives on the line. They knew there was a threat when they protested. It was a life and death situation. Fight for your rights, or keep working for the minimal amount and not be able to support your family. any immigrant has tough choices to make. In the early days they had to make life and death choices. In both stories they have strikes to give the immigrants what they deserve. In the grapes of wrath as sanitary as Cesar Chavez, somebody dies from a strike.The heavy club crashed into the side of his head with a dull crunch of bone, and Casy fell sideways out of the light (Steinbeck 495). Casy died because he protested against how much money people should earn. The men came after him and the rest of the protesters. They killed them in fear of having to raise the prices. Casy was tired of working for 2 cents an hour. He could live aside that. The only choice he had was to protest.

Milgram’s Destructive Obedience Essays -- Psychology

Stanley Milgram was a social psychologist best known for an experiment he did regarding destructive obedience (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2011). According to McLeod, Milgram had originally set out to prove that Germans were in some manner more obedient than Americans. This was a short while after WWII had finished and the horrors committed by the Nazis under Hitlers authority had been learned. His experimental results were contradictory to the results predicted by fellow psychiatrists, college students and some adults of various occupations. They had predicted that very few people would obey an order that would harm another person however, the actual results proved quite the opposite. or else of proving that Germans were more obedient, Milgram opened the door to the possibility that anyone is capable of carrying out orders that would harm another person (2007). Douglas Navarick expanded on the experiments results and derived a three-stage model for defiance and withdrawal (2012 ). After comparing the three sources on the previously mentioned topic, it is my belief that the peer reviewed journal (Navarick, 2012) is the most credible. Its credibility is generally accredited to the established requirements of publication in the journal it is found in.Hockenbury and Hockenbury summarized Milgrams experiments as simply as they could. The test subject was led to believe that the guerrilla participant was as uniformed as they were and that their roles in the experiment were chosen at random. They were told that the experiment was about learning and memory and the effect punishment has on them. The test subject was given the role of teacher and the other participant given the role of learner seemingly at random. The second partici... ... it means avoiding personal discomfort. A source is considered credible if it is accepted by general consensus of the experts of the field it concerns. It should also lay out the scientific facts that support it. A standalo ne source that does not show any form of reference to other psychologists that agree with or support his/her theory would not be considered as credible.Works CitedHockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, S. (2011). Discovering Psychology (5th ed.). New York Worth.McLeod, S. A. (2007). only Psychology Obedience in Psychology. Retrieved 25 March 2012, from http//www.simplypsychology.org/obedience.htmlNavarick, D. J. (2012). Historical Psychology and the Milgram Paradigm Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi nurse Police Battalion 101. Psychological Record, 62(1), 133-154.

Milgram’s Destructive Obedience Essays -- Psychology

Stanley Milgram was a social psychologist best known for an experiment he did regarding pernicious obedience (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2011). According to McLeod, Milgram had originally set disclose to prove that Germans were somehow more obedient than Americans. This was a short while after WWII had finished and the horrors pull by the Nazis under Hitlers authority had been learned. His experimental results were contradictory to the results predicted by fellow psychiatrists, college students and some adults of various occupations. They had predicted that very few people would obey an sanctify that would harm another person however, the actual results proved quite the opposite. Instead of proving that Germans were more obedient, Milgram opened the door to the possibility that anyone is capable of carrying out orders that would harm another person (2007). Douglas Navarick expanded on the experiments results and derived a three-stage model for defiance and withdrawal (2012). After comparing the three sources on the previously mentioned topic, it is my belief that the peer reviewed journal (Navarick, 2012) is the most credible. Its credibility is largely accredited to the established requirements of publication in the journal it is found in.Hockenbury and Hockenbury summarized Milgrams experiments as simply as they could. The test subject was led to believe that the second participant was as uniformed as they were and that their roles in the experiment were chosen at random. They were told that the experiment was about learning and memory and the effect punishment has on them. The test subject was precondition the role of teacher and the other participant given the role of learner seemingly at random. The second partici... ... it means avoiding personal discomfort. A source is considered credible if it is accepted by general consensus of the experts of the field it concerns. It should similarly show the scientific facts that support it. A standalon e source that does not show any form of reference to other psychologists that agree with or support his/her possibleness would not be considered as credible.Works CitedHockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, S. (2011). Discovering Psychology (5th ed.). New York Worth.McLeod, S. A. (2007). Simply Psychology Obedience in Psychology. Retrieved 25 March 2012, from http//www.simplypsychology.org/obedience.htmlNavarick, D. J. (2012). Historical Psychology and the Milgram figure Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi Reserve Police Battalion 101. Psychological Record, 62(1), 133-154.

The Importance of Crime Scene Investigation

Crime photograph investigation is oftentimes a challenging and difficult line of work for even the most experienced law enforcement agent. There be rough crimes that are more difficult to handle spiritually and emotionally than others. Crimes against children and the elderly are often most difficult to excuse and most difficult for crime scene investigators to process mentally (Swanson, Chamelin & Territo, 1999 313). Such investigations often result in tremendous psychological burden with time (OHara, 2003 178).Homicide in generally is often difficult to recover from emotionally, and often requires the investigator become deeply involved in the forensics model or inner workings of the mind of the criminal to protagonist solve a eccentric person (OHara, 2003). This can result in increasing psychological stress with time. This base will review a recent criminal investigation of homicide to two young children and the psychological and emotional effects the crime had on the famil y of the victims and the criminal investigator.In this case the researcher probes into how a crime scene investigation can result in significant emotional, spiritual and in some cases physical damage to both(prenominal) the victims family and the crime scene investigator. Here the crime scene demonstrates how emotionally vulnerable crime scene investigators are, much like crime victims in some circumstances. In this particular case two children were murdered by their mother who suffered from severe PPD or post partum depression.The event occurred in the middle of the night and was non revealed until 24 hours later when the father returned from a late night work shift and morning binge. The crime was reported to authorities immediately upon discovery. In this case the two boys, twins, appeared to be suffocated by the mother while sleeping one night. The crime scene was not overly violent. The victims home appeared unkempt however, with trash great deal up in the kitchen and litt ering other rooms of the house.The children were dressed in unclean clothing and the house looked as though it had not been cleaned or attended to in several months. Walking into the family area there was a noticeable lack of childrens toys. There were multiple bottles of alcoholic substances and other paraphernalia suggesting one or both of the parents suffered from substance abuse problems. This crime had a particularly devastating effect on me, as I could imagine what it would be like if my family had suffered a quasi(prenominal) crime, if my brothers or sisters had been murdered by a family member.Homicide is never an easy crime to cope with. In this case multiple law enforcement agents that were as well consecrate at the crime scene had a difficult time coping with the tragic loss of two unique and innocent lives. Not helping the fact were family members that were present wailing and crying out regarding the injustices of the world. Each of the family members present was bl aming him or herself for the crime, having recognized the potential for disaster early on but taking no feat to prevent it. The father in this case once located and grandparents appeared noticeably distraught.The grandparents were particularly upset, blaming themselves for the incident. The father seemed to waffle between disbelief, shock and terror. The father clearly suffered some sort of substance abuse problem and reportedly was at work when the murders occurred (he works a night shift). Spiritually I found myself questioning how this could bump to two innocent children. The children were not more than a year old. Both were tiny and innocent victims and for moments I considered these parents unworthy of such blessings.Emotionally I wondered what such a tragedy might do to my own family, possibly destroying my motivation for living. There is some indication that the father in this case might be placed on suicide watch, suffering psychologically from these deaths and the death of his wife (who it seems from the investigation took a lethal dose of prescription pills after suffocating the children). The several(prenominal) lost his life partner but also his children. This crime is in no way justifiable and reveals just how cruel the world can sometimes be to even the most innocent of victims.Even in cases where evidence exists that the perpetrator of a crime was not of sound mind or spirit, there is little justification in cases of homicide. There are in many cases explanations for individuals behavior, as may be the case in this particular instance. The crime scene investigation here suggests that there is evidence to support the idea that the mother in this case was not psychologically fit for parenting at the time in question. There is also evidence to suggest she lacked the support necessary to cope with a difficult situation.That does not excuse her actions nor her substance abuse behavior, but does help explain how a crime like this could have happen ed. If I were in this particular case I would have ensured early medical intervention and change magnitude familial support to prevent the severe depression that ensued and forced the mother to kill herself and her children. Clearly she was also suffering emotionally and physically, and did not feel she had the resources or support necessary to seek help and solve her problem without resorting to drastic measures.It is possible she suffered from some sort of psychosis. In this case other family members should have stepped in to facilitate earlier intervention and prevent this horrendous crime from occurring. Crime scene investigations are often difficult for crime scene investigators to handle emotionally and psychologically. While the job seems straightforward at first, with time crime scene investigators come to realize how difficult managing the psychological, spiritual and emotional aspects of the job are.Of particular gainsay are homicide investigations. It is vital when hand ling such cases that the investigator separate himself from the investigation so he or she does not associate what is going on in the investigation with any personal situations or circumstances. This can exacerbate the stress experienced by a crime scene investigator. Fortunately there are a number of support mechanism in place that can help crime scene investigators cope with the devastating and trying scenes they encounter from twenty-four hours to day.It is important that these resources be made readily available in the cases where crime scene investigations involve violent criminal activity. While familial support is further and helpful, support among peers and even counselors may be warranted to help crime scene investigators deal with the day to day. Stress management and other relaxation inducing techniques also may help alleviate some of the burden crime scene investigators face when handling difficult or violent cases.

American Dream Narrative

Georgeanne Harter AP Language and Composition Tlumack 2X 11 March 2013 My Personal American Dream In the book, The heroic of America, written in the year of 1931, author James Truslow Adams was the first to pass water a clear definition of what the American Dream really is. He state that the American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for from each one according to ability or achievement (Truslow 214).Although his definition describes what the American Dream is, it does not explain what everyones American Dream is throughout the world. This is because each person has their own idea of a perfect life, thitherfore giving them their own distinct Dream and ways to achieve it. For some people, the ideal and perfect life may mean ultimately leaving their home country and traveling to America to be successful and prosperous. For others, it may mean getting married, having two beautiful children living in a three bedroom house with a white picket fence.Although several people may accept the same outcome they would like to accomplish, it is how they get there that distinguishes them from the rest. As a early days, only child, I determined what I wanted my American Dream to be and that was to grow up underneath the influence of my parents and have the perfect family with a dog, nevertheless I sleek over have yet to make it there. Sometimes, some people just have to wake up and profit that their American Dream is more like an American Nightmare. I was doing everything in my power to make sure I kept a good realtionship with my pose and father.Seeing as I was only in first grade when I wind what I really wanted my life to be like, I do sure I did everything possible to keep my parents happy, which in turn would be a cause for a good relationship. I was doing well in naturalise and I very rarely ever got into trouble so I figured I was on the right track. It was one day after I c ame home from a wonderful day at coachhouse, when I noticed things at home were rapidly rolling downhill. outright, I came home to two roily parents, who no sooner became to argue leading to them both screaming at ach other at the top of their lungs. These arguments came to be more frequent. At that point, being so young and an only child, I thought these occurrence were all my fault and thought it would be exceed to try and fix things. That plan quickly backfired on me when, one day, my father stormed out of the house with rage. I was lost and confused and wanted things to be better so I could continue with my idea of a perfect life, but it seemed as though my parents did not want to partake in my efforts. I figured sooner or later on one of them would give in and that ended up being my father.I knew that he still loved me no matter what but he had to get out of the house. He began to realize the mental damage that these arguments were causing me. When I was seven years old, my parents were officially separated and when I found out, it crushed me. Rather than holding my mastermind up high and keeping a positive mindset, I let it hang and attack every perfect thought I ever had in my mind. Immediately following the loss of my fathers presence in the house, I went into a stage of shock. It likewisek me a little while to bounce back because I missed him.He was my scoop up friend and I was his. A while later, the feeling of not wanting to be with my mother grew inside of me, more and more each day I woke, and I was having a hard time figuring out why. Not too long after, my parents officially got divorced. It wasnt until a good deal later when my family isolated the problem. As hard as it was for me to believe, my mother, Eileen, was actually diagnosed with a mental disorder. It is called Psychosis which is known for its loss of contact with reality. It is marked by delusions, hallucinations, incoherence, and distorted perceptions of reality.Although it was extremely ominous for all of us to experience, the disorder answered my question as to why there were so many screaming matches between my parents. Although her mental health was not deteriorating at a fast rate, I quickly realized that I was not interested in living with her anymore. Even though my Dream was pretty much shot, I just was not living my childhood the way I wanted to when I was with her. In the summer of 2006, when I was nine years old, I opinionated that I missed my father too much and wanted to move in with him.It was nice because I was still attending the same school and still had all the same friends. I loved Eileen very much and I know she loved me too, its just that her mental disorder did not allow her to convey it properly. Being at such a young age, I did not realize that she cant help it. This disorder is who she is and there is really nothing that can stop it. As I tried very hard to free Eileen from my mind, I began to focus more on my school work an d continuing my life with my father and it was great. I was the happiest I had been in a very long time.Several months after I had moved in with my father, he told me that he had met person while he was at work. He had been talking to her for a while without me knowing of it because he wanted to make sure that it was someone he was interested in having in our life before he introduced me to her. Her name is Mya. When I met her, I immediately noticed everything he loved just about her. She was and still is a beautiful, intelligent, and strong woman who didnt let anything or anyone else define her and I quickly understood that those were the reasons why he was so enchant by her.Before really thinking about everything that was so quickly occuring, I was just estatic for my father because he was finding someone to love and is happy with again. I took a step back and realized that I no longer seemed like my fathers first choice, although he told me I was. I was playing extremely imma ture and began to grow a large attitude towards Mya. In my mind, I had to compete with her for my fathers attention. One evening, the three of us decided to go out for dinner. This way I could get to know Mya a little bit better. Needless to say, I blew up and the three of us had an all time low point.We had a long talk about whether or not I could handle something like this in my life. As I was crying my eyeballs out, I expressed my true feelings that I really wanted her to stay in my life but more importantly my fathers. I was so happy to see him happy and she was the reason why. We agreed on that night that we would focus on building a family bond because not too long later did my father propose to marry her. In the summer of 2007, my father and I moved to Virginia where Mya lived and the three of us found the best house to move into.I was really grateful for her stepping in and taking over as my mother figure, especially since I was at such a young age. Although I still had seve ral attention and attitude problems, they were becoming far and few in between and we were working on having a great realtionship. It was decidedly a difficult task, though. Starting my American Dream over again sounded like a good idea so I did just that. I focused in school and did everything I was supposed to do, making my parents happy and also setting up for a great relationship. To this day, I am still experiencing a struggle with Eileen.Due to her mental state, I have a hard time having the mother-daughter relationship that I have always wanted. Even though I know she cannot help the way she is, I have pretty much ceased all communication with her. Her brain is just not wired the same as mine and there is nothing I can do to change that. We think differently and that hinders my plan to becoming successful. Its just whats best at the moment. I have Mya now to look up to and although it will never be the same because she is not my biological mother, it is pretty hoot close an d thats all I can ask for.Of course I miss and love Eileen, shes my mother and always will be, but I have to do what I have to do to ensure that I set up a successful life for myself in the future day and keeping her out of my everyday life for the time being will allow me to accomplish that. Back then, I thought thought my life was twist into the American Nightmare but I guess the most recent occurrences was just Gods way in telling me to keep my head up because currently, I am on my way to getting back on track to achieve my American Dream. Works Cited Adams, James Truslow. The Epic of America,. capital of Massachusetts Little, Brown, and, 1931. 214. Print.

Howard Zinn Chapter One

capital of Ohio has eer been portrayed as an enlightened, peaceful explorer who discovered a new world, and became friends with the native people. Howard Zinns view on Columbuss encounter with the natives is an entirely different perspective. Zinn describes Columbus as a man who is willing to torture and kill early(a)s to be able to accomplish what he wants in this case he wanted to obtain gold and other resources to take back with him to Spain.When Columbus and his men arrived to the islands, he noticed that the natives were generous, and accommodating because they willingly traded everything they owned and brought them such things like food, water, and gifts. Since the beginning the natives offered all of their hospitality to Columbus and his men. Columbus believed that the natives were ignorant because they had no weapons for self defense when he showed them a sword, they had no idea how to use it and ended up cutting themselves.Columbus was more than certain, that he could tak e control over the natives, and captivate them as slaves. In his writing he wrote, They would establish fine servants. With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want. (Zinn, 3) This attitude leaded to enslavement, feeling superior, and genocide by Columbus and his men towards the natives. Columbus had persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance an expedition to the lands, and the riches he expected to be at the Indies and Asia.Columbus would receive ten percent of all the goods smooth, governorship over new-found lands, and the fame that would go with a new title Admiral of the naval Sea. Columbus believed the natives could lead him and his men to where the gold was, to be able to take it back to the King and Queen so he took many of them as prisoners on his ship. He also wanted to take them back to Spain as slaves and be able to make them do whatever they wanted them to do. Columbus took advantage of the ignorance of the natives, and do them do hard labor for him and his men.Columbus believed that there were huge fields of gold, in the province of Cicao on Haiti. He became desperate to pay the dues back to the king and queen, so he order every native older than fourteen to collect a certain quantity of gold by three months. Once they had collected the amount, they would receive a copper to put around their neck, those without it had their hands cut off and bled to death. Many felt it was impossible to do this, and tried escaping but were always found and killed.When it was finally clear that there was no gold go forth, they took them all as slave labor to huge estates which are called encomiendas. Columbuss epic plan for Hispaniola since the beginning was to take advantage of the natives and take their land, and the gold he believed was located there. He built the first fort in the Western Hemisphere, and left some of his men to find and store gold there. Columbus had to ask for a little more help from their majestie s, he convinced them by saying he would take them as much gold as they need nd as many slaves as they ask (Zinn,6 ) Columbuss plans stirred the natives, in many ways first of all they were going to lose their land, and also they were going to be taken captive for slave labor. Howard Zinn not yet introduced a new perspective on Christopher Columbus, but he changed the way I viewed things. I never knew how much killings, and torture was put upon the natives in the peeping of the New World. I learned how the hero I thought Columbus was, in reality was more like a villain. He didnt care what he had to do as long as he got what he wanted, even if it dealt with murders and torturing the natives.

One Friday Morning Essay

The short story One Friday Morning by Langston Hughes is about a young black fille, Nancy downwind, who recently moved out of the South with her p bents so they may provide her with a better life and schooling. Very talented in water colour in painting, she wanted to make that her major in college. Regrettably, there are some people in the world that are precisely blinded by race and forget how America was supposed to be a baffle for equal rights without tyranny.Nancy Lee may be a colored girl, but at times in her new school she forgets that she has different discase color than the rest of the students. Her peers would overlook her race as well, and they saw her as a young and talented individual. This epitomises foreshadowing that she was not seen as colored although she was. Nancy Lee had piebald an award winning piece worthy of a scholarship to an art institute. The painting was of her grandmother sitting on a park bench facial expression at the American flag on a sharp su nny day.Unfortunately, the art institute didnt realize that Nancy Lee was a colored girl at the time they chose her painting. When it was made known, they decided to give the scholarship to a white student as they felt if Nancy Lee were to attend the Institute it would rush controversy amongst others. The day Nancy was to receive the award, she was told by her principal, Miss Oshay, that she would not acquire this magnificent prize because of the color of her skin.Miss OShay unfortunately informed the talented girl that When the committee learned that you were colored, they changed their plans. Nancy Lee looked up at her principal and noticed the bright spring day it was outside just like in her painting. At the weekly assembly, Nancy Lee took her seat along with 3000 other students, turned her head, and said the pledge to the flag that is supposed to symbolismize exemption and equal rights with Liberty and justice for all.She then decided that even though she was not accepting the award, which was rightfully hers, she would fight to make a leaving in the future so no other young girls would go through what she was currently enduring. One gloomy day the principal, Miss OShay called Nancy Lee into her office after school. Miss OShay made Nancy Lee aware that her painting had won the contest but also asked her to defend it a secret until the assembly on Friday when she was to accept the award.She was not supposed to tell Nancy Lee, however, Miss OShay felt it would be in Nancy Lees best interest to know ahead of time so she wouldnt be taken off guard and could remain composure at the time of the acceptance. The irony in this is that if Miss OShay did not tell Nancy Lee of her winning then, on the day of the assembly, Nancy Lee would not accept to be called into the office to receive the disturbing news that she would not be called on stage to accept the award because of the color of her skin.Even though Nancy Lee, as well as her peers, would sometimes for get that she was a brown girl, the committee couldnt see past her skin color. Nancy Lee went from being a bright eyed, brown colored girl to a dark girl that day. Within the context of the story Langston Hughes portrays the stars on the American Flag as a symbol of hope to all. Not only in the 1950s but also in todays society the stars on our flag of freedom represent what all Americans are about, liberation and equal rights for all.Our ancestors came to this country to make a better life for themselves as well as their children. Even during our national anthem The Star Spangled Banner the last verse says Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave, oer the land of the free and the home of the brave The stars on the flag will always mean the same regardless the year whether its 1814 when the national anthem was written, the 1950s when this story took place, or in the year 2012. fanaticism is something that we all have to deal with. Some people are so scared of change and anyth ing different.Even though we all have the same rights as humans, some people just cant see past the color of a persons skin not just the outer(a) difference, but also religious beliefs as well. We live in a society that no matter how much a person can hang in through discrimination there is always going to be someone to try and hold them back. In my point of view, intolerance of someone that is different is a disgrace to all mankind. This is something that Langston Hughes illustrates very well in the story. Nancy Lee, a very talented young girl, deserved to win the scholarship but because of the color of her skin she was denied what was rightfully hers.

Comparing Literature, Story of an Hour & the Necklace

EN102 XXXXXX 2009 Assignment XX 1 Write a 200 contrive response on why you picked the literature that you chose. This can be in maiden person and informal. I selected my choice of literature from the list rather speedy because I leaped at the opportunity to once again write about the Story of an Hour. Of only the short stories that I have read in our view as thus far, this tier by far is the narrative that I enjoyed the most. I think this is because the ending took me a petty(a) by surprise, and believe it or not I found the ending somewhat humorous.I thought the tables had now turned in favor of the husband who probably felt the same she did after(prenominal) she found out that he died. Other words, he was probably the one who was relieved now. The second piece of literature chosen, The Necklace, was chosen because it was simply linked to my first choice. I immediately read The Necklace after making my choice. To my surprise, I enjoyed this story as well but the beginning seemed to drag on a little too much. The story started with a drawn out description of the woman and her fascination of the rich.I felt that this could have shortened some but all in all I enjoyed this story as well. Im satisfied with my selection and feel that these both stories will prove well in providing a comparison. 2 List your thesis statement. This should be one sentence and it should focus on the literature. Mrs. Mallard and Mme Loisel had contrasting desires but both found triumph for a brief period of time that was quickly stolen away. 3. Read pages 96-99 in your textbook and then list a. An paper from the literature that you can compare.Create a topic sentence that can be supported by a salutary paragraph of analysis and or examples or quotes from the textbook or your research. The story of an Hour and The Necklace, Mrs. Mallard and Mme Loisel are two women who live on separate continents but share somewhat equal moments of sadness within their lifetime. b. Another idea from the literature that you can compare. Create a topic sentence that can be supported by a full paragraph of analysis and or examples or quotes from the textbook or your research.A focal backsheesh of each of these stories mentions a window posed with a chair that at some point these women seek refuge, sitting to reflect upon their innermost emotions. c. An idea from the literature that you can contrast. Create a topic sentence that can be supported by a full paragraph of analysis and or examples or quotes from the textbook or your research. Mrs. Mallard and Mme Loisel are dissimilar in these stories. Mrs. Mallard in The story of an Hour is somewhat liberal and seems to be content with the future of being without a husband.On the other hand Mme Loisel in The Necklace lives in poverty and is pendent upon the income of her husband who is a ministry clerk. d. Another idea you can contrast. Create a topic sentence that can be supported by a full paragraph of analysis and or exa mples or quotes from the textbook or your research. In the endings of The story of an Hour and The Necklace, obviously they are not identical but these two stories are assured to bring about a reaction or stir to the ratifier. 5. Post your introductory paragraph below.Make sure you catch the readers attention, list the titles of the literature and the authors names. Your psychiatric hospital should end with your thesis statement. Like a deal with the devil, Mrs. Mallard and Mme Loisels desires twirled as if they were choosing to enter an hour of sadness that guaranteed immunity or an evening ball that guaranteed wealth. The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Necklace by Guy De Maupassant are astonishing stories that offer a twist for the reader. Each had different desires and found happiness for a brief period of time that was quickly stolen away. . Keep in mind that you may want to change your thesis and your introduction after you start working on your rough draft. This is common. Your introduction and thesis are the most important elements of your term paper and it is not unusual for these to be revised several times. Feel free to check in with your instructor if you want feedback on your thesis or introduction before you turn in lesson 6. 7. Submit your assignment as one Word/Rich Text document using the upload tool or by pasting your work in the HTML editor.

Space and Plant Landscape Architecture

Creation of space Created by modifying ground plane, vertical plane, overhead lane both individually and collectively Ground plane- ground cover or low shrubs may imply spatial description through variations in height and hooey Vertical plane- bottom influence the perception of space in several ways Tree trunks act as vertical columns The degree of enclosure will vary with the size of the trunks, their density of atomic reactoring, and their pattern of establishment The foliage mass of arranges, the density and height of the foliage mass affects the quality of the space The improbableer the plant and the larger and more closely its leaves or needles are spaced, he stronger the feeling of enclosure Enclosure is to occur with seasonal variation The overhead planet foliage mass and branches in the canopy of trees Create ceilings over an outdoor(a) space, Limiting the view to the sky Affecting the vertical overcome of the space Trees are placed so strong canopy overlaps shutting out video to the sky Collectively, as outdoors room The degree of perceived enclosure varies with The relative height of the skirt vegetation Its spacing, density, and The position of the viewer relative to the surrounding vegetation A space feels very envelop when he encircling plant materials areBasic spatial types created with plants Creation of numerous types of spatial character using and plant materials Modify the spaces created by buildings Modify the spaces created by buildings To subdivide larger spaces delineated by buildings into smaller spaces Modify the spaces created by buildings Complete the spatial definition and organization Closure The completion of a spatial enclosure, articulated by a building or enclosing wall Modify the spaces created by buildings gene linkage opticly connecting separate elements Architectural uses of plant material 2. Screening To conceal unattractive objects or scenes in the environment A vertical barrier can control views 3. Privacy con trol The techniques of encircling a well-defined area with plants To isolate the space from its surrounding Eliminate freedom of movement through enclosed space LANDSCAPE VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS Visual industrial plant Characteristics Visual Plant Characteristics Plant size, rebound, color and texture 1 . Plant size Directly affects the scale of a space, penningal recreate, overall framework of a design Visual Plant Characteristics plant size Large and intermediate trees, oft tallVisual Plant Characteristics plant size Tall shrubs, loft to oft Lack of canopy Visual Plant Characteristics plant size Tall shrubs, loft to oft Visual Plant Characteristics plant size Intermediate shrubs, oft to oft tall Serve as visual transition in a composition between tall shrubs and small trees and low shrubs Low shrubs, oft Define space or separate spaces without in habiting views Used along a walk or direction to contain pedestrians on the walk without affecting the line of visions Used to c onnect other unrelated elements visually Subordinate element Give a composition a spotty appearance LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Visual Plant Characteristics plant size Ground cover, 6 in to 12 inches Floor material of an outdoor space To imply spatial edges Outlining a desired shape on the ground To define non walking surface, lawn and pavement To provide visual interest based on distinct color or texture As background To link visually separate elements or group of element To calm the soil, prevent erosion LANDSCAPE 2.Plant form Visual Plant Characteristics plant form Fascinated / Columnar Upright, narrow, papers to a point at its legislate Emphasize the vertical by leading the eye skyward Give a sense of vertically and height to both a plant mass and to a space they enclose Acts as accents and exclamation pointillists not be placed throughout a composition Visual Plant Characteristics plant form Spreading/horizontal Horizontal habit To give a feeling of breadth and extent Used in a composition Used for stemma with vertical fascinate Harmony with flat landforms, long lines extending across the horizon, low horizontal buildingsVisual Plant Characteristics plant form Round, globular Design composition, design maven No directional, neutral Harmony with other curvilinear forms Visual Plant Characteristics plant form Pyramidal/conical Very sharp and distinct in their outline Visual accents Echo pyramidal building forms Visual level region where mountain are lacking Harmony with design of stiff, geometric shapes Visual Plant Characteristics plant form Weeping Predominantly pendulous, downward-arching, branches Found in and associated with low points of ground, like he weeping willow along edges of water bodies steer the eye toward the ground Used over water to reflect the undulating form.

Cultural Relativism: A Way of Life Essay

If you are my baby, it dont matter if youre black or white. These words reverberate in my mind as I heard the news about Michael Jacksons death. His song, Black or White is one of my favorites because it talks about a contracts acceptance of his child despite the babys color. Later, when I encountered the term ethnic relativism in school, I understood better what the song wants to promote, and how this go off be accomplished.Cultural relativism is commonly known as the practice of accepting and living harmoniously with people of different cultures. If we observe our society today, we will reveal different kinds of peopleAfricans, Caucasians, Asians, Latinos, and a lot of mixtures coexist. Cultural relativism is what allows them to live in peace with each other, to accept and respect other cultures like they do their own. Considering the turn over scenario, we may say that cultural relativism is not just a practice or aspect of life, it is already a way of life, a must for any person to live and prosper.Ideally, a society that adheres to cultural relativism allows the existence and exchange of different cultures. Although this has not been fully realized in many places, we can underwrite that it is already a common aspect of the learning environment. In school, students get the chance to interact with others, and discover aspects of different cultures. Everyday interaction with Asians, African-Americans, and Latin Americans allows us to see that after all, it is not difficult to coexist with different people.Often, all we need is to provide opportunities for interaction and sharing. Specifically, in my dealings with different cultures, I intimate to appreciate the hard work of the Chinese, the ingenuity of the Japanese, the friendliness of Filipinos, the family values of the Latinos, and the cool attitude of the African-Americans. Cultural relativism has helped me appreciate different cultures, and allowed me to grow more maturely.To practice cultural r elativism, I personally follow three steps. First, I try to analyze why people are behaving the way they do. I rely on my terra firma knowledge to analyze the situation. Next, I observe and see the positive effects of their practice, and third, I try to find more information about the practice by inquiring from the person or researching online.For example, seeing the Chinese sip the soup out of the bowl without using spoon initially made me felt indifferent. However, in applying cultural relativism, I tried to analyze why they do this instead of using a spoon. Then, I realized that the Chinese use chopsticks instead of spoon, do it impossible to have the soup without sipping it directly from the bowl. Also, one time I encountered a Japanese documentary showing a man perfecting a sword.He seemed mindless of the fire he used to shape the sword, and from there I wondered why the Japanese give such importance to swords when guns are more tried and true for protection. Due to this, I searched the Internet for answers, and found out that perfecting swords is part of the Japanese Samurai culture, the military men in the history of Japan. I learned that the Samurais treat swords as their companion in battle, and swords serve as representations of them. Therefore, a Samurais sword should be well-kept at all times because it is a family inheritance and symbolisation of honor.Knowledge of others culture definitely helps us understand and appreciate them. However, there are also practices which I believe I cannot accept even though I already have a good grasp of cultural relativism. One of these is the suicide killing done by 9/11 hijackers. foreign the Japanese version of suicide which hopes to express a persons regret for a mistake committed, suicide killing among the Muslims intends to kill non-Muslims on the bases of unearthly and political conflicts. What makes it truly wrong is killing innocent people for some selfish intent. Considering this, cultural relativi sm becomes a difficult aspect of reality, similar to pushing a child to swallow a whole fresh egg straight to the stomach.

Physical Security Essay

A six foot fence secures the outer(prenominal) perimeter. Video surveillance is active on the north fence and inactive on the south. A man guard station permits entree into the outer perimeter from the west an unmanned and unlocked gate permits take in from the east. No Trespassing signs are posted at intervals upon the perimeter fence Employees Only is posted on the gate. Visitors must obtain a pass at the guard station.The outer perimeter contains the parking mint candy and office building. The perimeter has two light posts that, when functioning, illuminate the entire parking lot. Currently, the light post on the south side is not functioning.The office building exterior has three outer thresholds and one window. The firstborn door is marked with an Employees Only sign and requires a badge for access. The mho door is the main entrance for visitors and is manned by a guard, who requires a visitors pass for admittance. The third door is an emergency exit only and is clearly marked. Any attempt to gain access through the first door without a badge, the second door without a pass, or the third door at all, results in discouragement activation and guard response. The window is locked from within any attempt to gain access through the window also activates the alarm and alerts the guard.The interior of the office building is segmented into two major flying fields. The first area is the employee workstation only employees can access this area. Visitor and employees can access the second area. Both the first and second areas are monitored by active video surveillance.The second area has two doors, both of which lead to littler offices. The first door is unlocked, but is within sight of video surveillance and employees within the work station. A visitor trying to attempt access to this office results in alarm activation. The second door is obscured from both employees and video surveillance and is unlocked. Each office contains valuable assets. Employees c an access either office at will.Within the workstation and smaller offices are several computers. Passwords are required for access to each computer. Each employee has a password and can access network information at any time.

Frank Lloyd Wright Biography Architecture Essay

frankfurter Lincoln Wright was born on June 8th, 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. When he was still a yearling, his male parent got a new occupation as a church curate in Weymouth, Massachusetts. wiener s female parent had cherished him to go an designer, so when Frank was nine, in 1876, his female parent bought him Froebel Blocks, ( which subsequently helped him computer program edifices ) . At the age of 10, Frank s household moved to Madison, Wisconsin, where his male parent opened a music trail ( He burst his occupation as a curate ) . Frank and both of his sisters loved music merely either bit much as their male parent. During the summer after he turned eleven, Frank started to cogitation on his female parent s household s farm. A typical twenty- foursome hours for him would be wake up at four in the forenoon, feed the hogs, milk the cattles, weed the gardens, and work in the Fieldss. The work was so difficult Frank tried to run away twice. His Grandfather ever caugh t him though. To Frank, life was nt that bad on the farm, because he loved nature. He alike(p)d to happen the forms of his Froebel blocks on the Wisconsin Prairie. When he was 14, his parents divorced. He neer saw his male parent after that. Because of this, he changed his in-between name to Lloyd in line of battle to honour his female parent s household, the Lloyd-Joneses. subsequently completing high school in 1886, Frank went to the University of Wisconsin to analyze civil technology, since there were nt any colleges for architecture in the Midwest.Wright did nt wish his categories, so after a few semesters, he left the University of Wisconsin to happen a occupation in Chicago. later on a few yearss in Chicago, he found a occupation with J.L. Silsbee s Architectural house. Wright quit his occupation at J.L Silsbee s Architectural Firm earlier even working at that place for a class and got a new occupation as a draughtsman at the office of Louis Sullivan. Wright used Sulliva n as a function theoretical account because Sullivan did nt plan edifices in the traditional Victorian manner. He intentional existent American architecture.At the age of 21, Wright married Catherine Tobin. He designed a house for Catherine and himself on land given to him by Louis Sullivan. Within a twelvemonth, the twosome had their first kid, Frank Lloyd Wright Jr. When 1903 rolled approximately, that household of three turned into a household of eight.Sometimes invitees would see the Wright s house and enquire Frank to plan them a house. Wright would reply yes, without Louis Sullivan knowing. When Sullivan eventu ally figured this out, he told Wright that he could merely plan edifices with Sullivan s architectural house. Because of this, Wright discontinue his occupation and started his ain concern. By 1901, Wright had completed around 50 of his ain designsOne dark at a party, an designer by the name of Daniel Burnham made an offer to Wright to motivity to analyze architec ture in Europe for six old ages. In the offer, when Wright came back, he would have an of importation occupation. Though it was a great trade, Wright turned it down because he did non desire to plan in the European manner. He wanted to go on planing existent American Architecture.In 1908, the discoverer Frederick Robie came to Wright inquiring for a house that had a batch of infinite, was fire safe, and had a good position of Chicago. He besides wanted a drama room for his childs and a twosome garages for his autos. By 1909, Wright had created a prairie manner house that met all the demands Robie had thought of.One dark, Wright met a adult female named Martha Cheney. He separated from Catherine Tobin, and traveled to Europe with Cheney. When he arrived back in America, he designed a studio for himself in Oak Park, Illinois. He called it Taliesin. spot Wright was in Chicago on August 15, 1914, Martha Cheney and her two kids were at Taliesin. One of Wright s workers, Julian Carlton k illed Cheney, her kids and four others. Soon after, Wright fixed his studio.On November 13, 1922, Wright and Catherine Tobin eventually divorced. Soon after, Wright married Miriam Noel on November 19, 1923. The matrimony did nt last in truth long, and on August 26, 1927, the two divorced.During the Great Depression, Wright did nt hold really many clients. Alternatively, he spent his discerp composing an autobiography and giving addresss on organic architecture. He besides opened an architectural school with his 3rd married woman Olga Milanoff, which he called the Taliesin Fellowship.When 1934 came along, Wright met with the parents of one of his pupils, Edgar Kaufmann Jr. They wanted a new place. Wright told them about constructing the house above a waterfall in Bear Run, Pennsylvania. When the Kaufmanns agreed, Wright began to plan this house. In 1937, he invited the Kaufmanns to his studio. After a speedy circuit, he showed them the house designs. The Kaufmanns liked the designs and the house was built. It is called Falling Water and is likely Frank Lloyd Wright s most celebrated design.Wright wanted a new studio in 1937. He designed a studio in Scottsdale, Arizona. This besides was his place with Olga Milanoff until he died.April 8, 1959, was the concluding twenty-four hours of Wright s life. After 72 old ages of working as an designer, Frank Lloyd Wright left behind over 500 edifices like Falling Water, the Robie House, Taliesin, and the Guggenheim Museum.

Brief History of Istanbul Essay

Evidences obtained from archeological remains indicate that people began to inhabit the proximities of contemporary Istanbul for approximately thousands of years ago. At about 5000 B. C. , a thick and sprawling population of individuals inhabited the fertile grounds of Istanbul. The Greek people all the panache from Megara and Miletus started to rest upon the soils situated along the coasts of the Black Sea as well as the Bosporus tail end in the latter years of eight ampere-second B. C. The year 660 B. C. witnessed the colonization of Byzantium by Byzas, the founder of the colony whose origins touch modality to Megarian roots.As expected, the name of the colony was patterned after his name. Due to the strategic location of Byzantium, it easily gained ascendancy everywhere the region in terms of economy which eventually lead to the attention of numerous manque conquerors. Along the path of the Golden Horn, Byzantium was founded which bestowed it with the most suit suit fitting harbour all-over the region. The agricultural prosperity of Byzantium can be largely attributed to the abundance of fish as well as the surrounding countryside which was fertile enough to choke plants for agriculture.Next to Byzantium, a safe harbour was efficiently provided for by the inlet of the Golden Horn which was lift Bosporus. This area was considered as a major maritime route back in those times as it linked the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea. Byzantium eventually found itself struggling amidst the authors trying to conquer and leave out over the metropolisPersians, Greeks, Spartans and Athenians all drew their swords and took away lives for the sake of taking the city under their control. such(prenominal)(prenominal) was the major importance of Byzantium during those times where its prosperity was seemingly beyond imagination.Even the Gauls attacked the city during the third century and in 202 B. C. the city sought the help and protection from Rome after being taken over by Macedonians. Eventually, the city was absorbed as a vital part of the roman print empire back in 73 B. C. During 196 A. D. , the city was caught on the wrong side after the creation of a power struggle in the papistic empire. As economically powerful as Byzantium may seem, it was not able to respond and resist the struggle which eventually trickled down the capabilities of the cities as it paid dearly.A large human activity of the residents were murdered as well as a significant portion of Byzantium was obliterated through the leading of the Roman emperor Septimus Severus. Apparently, the Rman emperor had to rebuild the entire city starting off with the ruins as the stir up of the power struggle. In the process, Byzantium was able to manage itself and continue to progress amidst threats and occurrences of civil wars as well as rebellions which sm new(prenominal)ed all-over the Roman empire through the many years to follow.However, Constantine I routed his foe, emp eror Licinius, on phratry 18, 324. Constantine I was able to unify the broad territory of the Roman empire and made it follow his leadership. The Roman empire eventually made Byzantium as the prime capital of the region which extended to as furthermost as three continents. Byzantium eventually gained a new nameConstantinopleafter being briefly cognize as the New Rome named in honor of Constantine who was the first Roman loomr to embrace the doctrines of Christianity.During its time, Constantinople gained much reputation and wealthiness making it maven of the worlds most economically advanced cities. The city was almost untouchable in status, having the power to dictate the doctrines of the Christian religion and to amass huge amounts of wealth up until the eleventh century. As the meeting points between the East and the West became largely attributed to Constantinople, it was no affect that all roads were now focused on the wealthy city of Constantine. In 395 A. D. the subst antial of the Roman conglomerate was divided into the West and the East especially after the death of Theodosius. The Eastern Roman conglomerate adopted Constantinople as its central city or capital which was later referred to as the Byzantine Empire as a monitoring device of its brilliant past. Through the course of time, Constantinople further advanced as the total of the Greek Orthodox Christian realm. With its immense financial resources, the wealth of the Byzantine Empire gave it the capacity to turn Constantinople as a beautiful city far beyond compare.The vastness and majesty of Constantinople is perhaps owed to the well-paid architects who intentional majestic churches and splendid palaces as well as artists and sculptors also contributed a large fraction of the citys aesthetic transformation. One notable structure ever to be erected is the hippodrome which could hold more than a hundred thousand spectators. Eventually, the walls of the city were further built into a seemingly impenetrable protective mold as threats of invasion from rivalling forces never dwindled.Almost half million citizens inhabited Constantinople under the rule of emperor moth Justinian from 527 to 565 A.D. The emperor took full control of the creation of some of Constantinoples most majestic buildings which include the Haghia Sophia, bingle of the largest churches during the height of the prosperity of Constantinople. The Byzantine empires capital reached its full blom under the helm of Emperor Justinian. Even though Constantinople continued to supplement its wealthy advancement with protective measures, enemies from the outside were inevitably attracted to the splendour of the city. A few years after, the city was devastated with a plague in 542 A. D. which claimed the lives of three of every atomic number 23 citizens.This, unfortunately, brought the beginning of the citys fall. As the city weakened in terms of its population some(prenominal) in size and strength, t he enemies of Constantinople took the opportunity to besiege the city. Apparently, the enemies were unable to successfully conquer the city as the walls of Constantinople turn out impenetrable. Attacks on the city mounted between the seventh and eleventh century A. D. which include forces from Persian Sassanids, Bulgars, Avars, Russians, and Moslem Arabs.At the time of the Fourth Crusade, the Latins were able to break the walls of Constantinople and captured the capital of the Byzantine Empire in 1204 A.D until 1261 less than a century of captivity when the Byzantine forces reclaimed the capital. At the height of captivity, however, Constantinople was greatly thinned in terms of wealth and infrastructure as the invading forces plundered precious jewels and any other item they deemed were of sufficient value. The entire population diminished to half a hundred thousand during that time, and the citizens suffered greatly from famine. In 1396, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinopl e and built a fort on the Asian side of the Bosporus Sea in point to hinder aid from reaching the city. However, the capital would not fall for a few more years.On the 29th day of May, the Ottoman leader Mehmed was able to tear down the city walls and traverse the city which ultimately signalled the fall of the era of Constantinoples Christian church and the commencement of Muslim rule over the land. Apparently, the Muslims transformed the Haghia Sophia into a Muslim temple. In 1457, the capital of the Byzantine Empire was already know as Istanbul which later became the central point of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed began to repopulate the city after the siege and within a few years time, Istanbul gained a considerable increase in population, roughly amounting to approximately 50,000 inhabitants.Ottoman Istanbul was able to achieve its peak during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, and perhaps the most notable buildings ever to be erected during those times, roughly amounting to ccc buildings, were the creations of chief architect Sinan. These efforts to restructure Ottoman Istanbul were significant as it signalled the dawning of a new Istanbul, one which is uniquely Ottoman in identity. Throughout time, Ottoman Istanbul opened its doors to the outside world in order to obtain a harmonious relationship with the other cities and states.This resulted to the expansion of the citys population, now having a mixture of different races such as Jews, Christians, Armenians and other citizens. Influence on Ottoman Istanbul rule was apparently being influenced by many different forces from these races. Eventually, Istanbul became influenced with the modernization of the world. Europeans began to build a railroad system which connects the whole continent with Istanbul by the 1870s. As a result, the Ottoman empire became placed under the debt of European powers.These would later result to power struggles from within the empire, complicated all the more by the strugglin g influences from the Europeans to whom they were indebted with. In consequence, these developments in the Ottoman empire especially in Istanbul uring the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries would signal the drop of the Ottoman empire and would mark the commencement of the Turkish Republic. Today, Istanbul remains as a fervent reminder of how a city once so powerful became so absorbed into the desire for power which led to its own subjugation and diminishment of power in the following years.

Boeing Bond Analysis

Boeing hamper certificate analysis Presented to Dr. Pre comp areed by Filipe Ferro October 9, 2012 Table of Contents Boeing Company3 Bond Issue3 Unsystematic happen4 Principal repayment4 Debt to Invested Capital4 Debt to Equity4 Current & Quick Ratios5 cheer Repayment5 Times hobby Earned5 Credit Position6 Competitor compend6 ecumenic Dynamics6 Northrop Grumman7 Systematic Risk7 Market Responsiveness7 Du dimensionn8 Modified Du symmetryn9 Accuracy of Rating9 enkindle Rate Expectations9 Summary10 Appendix11 Descriptive Statistics11 Regression Analysis11 Du symmetryn & Modified Duration12References13 Boeing Company Boeing is a manufacturer of aircrafts and national abnegation equipment making it a member of the Aerospace & Defense industry. It was founded in Seattle, Washington on July 15, 1916. It is head reared in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Commercial aircraft accommodate the 737, 747, 777, and very recently, the 787. Military products consist of high-dexterity and stealthy aircraft such as a the A-10 Thunderbolt II and highly-efficient and in heartfelt order satellites such as the Boeing 601. 1 Its biggest competitors are Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, and Airbus.According to Morningstar, Boeing employed 171,700 people and revenue reached $69 one thousand thousand in 2012. 2 Bond Issue The bond I go through chosen to analyze is a unsecured bond with a maturity date of August 15, 2021. Morningstar shows this bond lie with consists of 400 million $1,000 par take account bonds with 398 of them outstanding. The bond is a semi-annual fixed coupon bond with an annual rate of 8. 75%. The aggregation start date was August 15, 1991. The original deportment of the bond was 30 years and the remaining life as of October 2012 is a niggling over 8 years and 10 months.This bond erupt is non-callable, non-putable, non-convertible, and it is non subject to Rule 144A. These bonds are actually selling at 135. 20% of par value as of September 29, 2012, making their price $1,352. Standard & Poors NetAdvantage pass judgment this issue as an A. Its trustworthy yield ratio is 6. 47. I have always been enthusiastic about airplanes. My first experiences in leak were in Boeing aircrafts. I as well chose this bond issue because of Boeings large size, reputation, and monetary security.Selecting a debenture is risky and charters strong pecuniary security since the altogether security backing it is the issuing companys credit rating. With a current yield of 6. 47 resulting from the relatively high coupon rate of 8. 75%, this is a great bond for a fixed income (coupon pays $87. 50 annually). Unsystematic Risk Principal Repayment Debt to Invested Capital In recent years, Boeings debt to capital letter ratios have been 42% for 2007, 112. 9% for 2008, 85. 2% for 2009, 80. 6% for 2010, and 74. 0% for the end of 2011. Boeings total debt to invested capital ratio is 65. 3% (as of June 2012)3. Standard & Poors calculates this as (total deb t)/(total equity + total debt), 2,466,000+8,735,0005,892,000+11,201,000. This means that debt makes up about 65% of all invested capital. Boeing still has 35% of capital that is not tied to debt. This is good compared to the last few years. This ratio is on a downwards trend. Debt to Equity Boeings total debt to equity ratio is 1. 51 (as of June 2012) 3, meaning that for every $1 in equity there is $1. 51 of debt. This is calculated as 8,735,0005,804,000 on the balance sheet.According to Standard & Poors Industry Survey, Boeings debt to equity ratio at the end of 2011 was 2. 85. The Aerospace & Defense industry average from 1981 to 2011 was 0. 90. 4 The industry survey states that Boeings high debt to equity ratio is due to its financial arms since it has a large financing department. It is also probably due to its new model plane, the 787 Dreamliner, which requires a relatively costly manufacturing processes unibody parts made up of composite carbon fiber materials and advanced electronics and sensors. These higher costs require raising more capital than the average model plane.While debt has priority over equity in existence repaid, debentures are at the bottom of the list, which is why this high ratio whitethorn be a precaution for holders of Boeings bond issues. If bankruptcy occurs, debentures go forth be the last of debt holders to get paid. Although it is not exactly good to have this somewhat high ratio, knowing that Boeing has a brand new and appealing aircraft reassures that positive hereafter cash flows will stretch out this financial leverage. S&Ps NetAdvantage highlights the potential sales to acclivitous airlines from China and airlines with old worn out planes in the U. S. and Europe.S&Ps industry survey states China, India, the center(a) East, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, will drive growth in global air travel and solicit for new aircraft. 4 The securities industry for aircraft purchases looks like it will grow in the coming years, thus Boeing will have greater opportunities for sales. Current & Quick Ratios The current assets to current liabilities ratio was 1. 22 for the 4th tie of 2011, which means every $1 in current liabilities is covered by $1. 22 in current assets. Boeing has enough current assets to pay off all its current liabilities if it needed to do so. The current ratio has been 0. for 2007, 0. 8 for 2008, 1. 1 for 2009, and 1. 1 for 2010. The current ratio has been on an upward trend since 2008 which would imply added financial security in forecasts. But the current ratio assumes that a companys current assets are highly liquid. This might not be the case with Boeing, whose inventory is made up of large and valuable aircraft and is not as highly traded as smaller inventory such as food in a grocery store. The quick-ratio would be more accurate for Boeing, which is 0. 39. Boeing using only its instantly liquid assets would not be able to pay off all of its short-term liabilities if it w as required to.Interest Repayment Times Interest Earned As of December 31, 2011, Boeing had a net income of $4 billion and an reside expense of $498 million. Its generation liaison earned for the year of 2011 was 4,011+498498=9. 05. From 2006 to 2010, times interest earned has been 4. 72, 21. 7, 6. 12, 4. 94, and 7. 42 respectively. From these figures, it seems that Boeings TIE ratio has been on an upward trend since the 2009 ratio of 4. 94. The most recent ratio of 9. 05 suggests that Boeing is capable of paying its interest expense since its profit is over 9 times greater than its interest expense. Credit PositionAccording to Mergent Online, Boeing has never had a bankruptcy proceeding of any type (chapter 11 restructuring, etc), which implies that it has never defaulted on any of its debts. Mergent also states Boeing had $4,600,000,000 procurable under credit line agreements5. Considering Boeing already has $12,371,000,000 in long-term debt, $4,600,000,000 is still considerab le amount. Boeing is still inwardly reasonably comfortable limits within its credit line usage. In addition, Standard & Poors Bond Guides shows that it has rated this issue of Boeings bonds in the A range for the last 4 years.Overall, Boeing seems to have good character. galore(postnominal) of Boeings bond issues have been rated as A+ over the last 4 years. Competitor Analysis General Dynamics General Dynamics currently has 2 outstanding bond issues, twain rated A by Standard & Poors. Its debt to invested capital ratio in the 4th quarter of 2011 was 22. 6% compared to 74% for Boeing6. General Dynamics assets are tied to a much lower amount of debt than Boeing. The current ratio for General Dynamics is 1. 4 as of 2011 while Boeings was 1. 2. In addition to its low debt to capital ratio, its debt to equity ratio is also low at 3,930,00013,232,000=0. 0. Boeings debt to equity ratio is a little higher at 1. 51. With a higher debt to equity ratio, Boeings leverage is slightly larger. Boeings bond issue may have a little more risk of being subordinated by opposite bonds. A low debt to equity ratio reflects a financial healthy company because it means that it ask a relatively small amount of financial leverage. Times interest earned for the year of 2011 was 2,252+155155=15. 53. Again, this makes General Dynamics bonds less risky. In contrast, Boeing has more liquidity in its stock at an average job volume of 4,344,230.General Dynamics average trading volume is only 1,642,0007 which means General Dynamics ratios are subject to more volatility. With a higher trading volume and a new, cutting edge plane, this may offset Boeings higher risk compared to General Dynamics. Northrop Grumman The current ratio as of the 4th quarter of 2011 for Northrop Grumman was 1. 4. Its debt to equity ratio was 3,948,00010,715,000=0. 37. Times interest earned was 2,086+221221=10. 44. 8 Like General Dynamics, Northrop Grummans ratios also suggest lower unsystematic risk compared to Bo eing.Although the bonds may also be more volatile because plainly like General Dynamics, Northrop Grumman has a much lower average trading volume (at 1,533,070) than Boeing does. Systematic Risk Market Responsiveness Date YTM-Boeing YTM-Avg. A Rated Market Mar-08 5. 28% 6. 24% Jun-08 6. 09% 6. 43% Sep-08 6. 01% 6. 55% Dec-08 7. 16% 6. 70% Mar-09 6. 50% 6. 66% Jun-09 5. 92% 6. 39% Sep-09 4. 96% 5. 56% Dec-09 4. 69% 5. 77% Mar-10 5. 13% 5. 80% Jun-10 4. 69% 5. 44% Sep-10 3. 67% 5. 01% Dec-10 3. 89% 5. 52% Mar-11 4. 56% 5. 52% Jun-11 3. 93% 5. 26% Sep-11 3. 66% 4. 54% Dec-11 3. 0% 4. 40% Mar-12 3. 32% 4. 51% Jun-12 2. 63% 4. 14% Sep-12 2. 56% . below is a list of Boeings yields to maturity and the AA-rated bond market yields to maturity according to the S&P Bond Guide Yield to maturity has been on a downward trend since December 2008 for both Boeing and the rest of the AA-rated bond market. It seems like the YTMs for Boeing and the rest of the market move together. The null hypothes is for this situation would be that the market figurehead has no correlation to Boeings movement in YTMs therefore the slope would be 0 for a linear regression of the scatter plot below.The alternative hypothesis is that the market does have some influence. The null hypothesis suffer be psychometric tested with some calculations. The test statistic is calculated by taking the value of the beta 0. 96 and dividing it by the standard error of 0. 11132, we get 8. 62. Using the test statistic and a level of significance of 10%, the corresponding P-Value is 0. 0000000007. Anything to the left of the 10% level of significance is a rejection of the null hypothesis. The P-Value is well below the level of significance of 10% and therefore the null hypothesis should be rejected.This means that the population coefficient of determination is not equal to 0 according to our example of 18 periods. The sample yields a coefficient of determination of 0. 91. Boeings movement in YTM can be explain ed by a movement in market YTM 91% of the time. Boeings YTMs have a strong positive correlation with the markets YTMs and makes its bond issues just slightly less volatile to movements in the market. Duration This bond issue has a par value of $1,000 and a coupon payment of 8. 75% semi-annually. The coupon payment is $87. 50 and the latest rate for the AA bond class, according to the Wall Street Journal, is 1. 3%9 as of October 2, 2012. The baffle value of this bond is $1,569. 44. The weighted present value of this bond is $11,157. 82. The current date for this bond issue is 7. 11 years. It will take a little over 7 years for this bond to cover the initial investment. Modified Duration The modified current duration is calculated as the current duration divided by 1 + (bond class interest rate). In this case it is 7. 111+0. 0183=6. 98. This means that for every 1% increase in market interest rates, this bond issue will go down 6. 98% in value. Accuracy of RatingStandard & Poors def inition for an A rating is defined as a strong capacity to advert financial commitments, tho somewhat susceptible to adverse economic conditions and changes in circumstances. With a beta of 0. 63 and a current duration of 6. 98%, it seems like the rating of A is accurate according to the somewhat susceptible to adverse economic conditions part of the definition. For the strong capacity to meet financial commitments, I also feel like this fits Boeing since it has a times interest earned ratio of 9. 05 and a current ratio of 1. 22. Interest Rate ExpectationsAccording to the Federal Reserve Board press sour of September 13, 2012, the announced quantitative easing program will keep bond prices high and interest rates low, at least for the short-term (next year). Also, the economy has expanded somewhat in recent months, that still at a lower than expected rate10. This suggests that interest rates will remain loosely unchanged since there is not a lot of spending. The Washington Post s front-page article on October 2, 2012, stated that Americans do not want to take any risks with their money even as the judicature is encouraging risk-taking11.According to the Fisher Effect, when expected inflation rises, interest rates will rise12. With low inflation expectations, we can expect a continuation of low interest rates. Instead of trending they will be ranging. As of October 2, 2012, a 10-year Treasury bond had a yield of 1. 64% while AA-Rated bonds had a yield of 1. 83%. The circularize is 0. 19. The present value of a single bond from this issue is $1,569. 44. With interest rates rising only 10 basis points by the end of this year and with a modified duration of 6. 98, the present value will drop by 0. 698%. $1,569. 44(1 0. 00698) = $1,558. 9. The estimated yield to maturity for Boeing one year from now with a 20 basis point increase is YTM-BA = -3. 2949 + 1. 4426(4. 34) + 0. 001 = 2. 97% for Boeing, up from 2. 63%. 4. 34% is 20 basis points above the last mar ket YTM data point of 4. 14%. This small rise in interest rates means Boeings bond issue is going to drop slightly in price. Summary I would definitely buy this bond despite some of its shortcomings. Boeing may be heavily leveraged at the moment, but it still has other ratios that show its financial health, such as market capitalization, the debt to equity ratio of 1. 1 and the current ratio of 1. 22. Additionally, Boeings new model airplane, the 787 Dreamliner, is a positive prospect for future financial health. According to Mergents records, Boeing has never defaulted on its loans before and with 96 years of history I wouldnt expect a default any time soon. Appendix Descriptive Statistics YTM-BA% YTM-A% Mean 4. 755 Mean 5. 58 Standard Error 0. 291509762 Standard Error 0. 193077925 Median 4. 69 Median 5. 54 Mode 4. 69 Mode 5. 52 Standard Deviation 1. 236771176 Standard Deviation 0. 19160259 Sample edition 1. 529602941 Sample Variance 0. 671023529 Kurtosis -0. 700358347 Kurto sis -1. 043305373 Skewness 0. 246024371 Skewness -0. 261513425 Range 4. 53 Range 2. 56 Minimum 2. 63 Minimum 4. 14 Maximum 7. 16 Maximum 6. 7 Sum 85. 59 Sum 100. 44 Count 18 Count 18 Regression Analysis Duration & Modified Duration References 1Boeing. (1995). A-10 Thunderbolt II. Retrieved 2012 05-October from http//www. boeing. com/defense-space/support/ upkeep/a10/index. html 2Morningstar. (2012, September 28). Boeing Co BA. (N.Dihora, Editor) Retrieved September 29, 2012, from Morningstar http//www. morningstar. com 3Standard&Poors. (2012, October 02). Boeing. Retrieved October 02, 2012, from StandardPoors NetAdvantage http//www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com 4Tortoriello, R. (2012 26-July). Industry Surveys Aerospace & Defense. Retrieved 2012 05-October from Standard&Poors http//www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. proxymu. wrlc. org/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showIndustrySurveyPDF. do? loadIndSurFromMenu=pdf 5Mergent Online. (2011, December 31). Boeing Co. (The) (NYSBA) yen Term Debt.Retrieved October 1, 2012, from Mergent Online www. new. mergentonline. com. proxymu. wrlc. org/companydetail. php? pagetype=longtermdebtcompnumber=1048 6StandardPoors. (2011, 12 31). Genl Dynamics. Retrieved 10 02, 2012, from NetAdvantage http//www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. proxymu. wrlc. org/NASApp/NetAdvantage/cp/companyFinancials. do 7Yahoo (2012, October 03). General Dynamics (GD). Retrieved October 03, 2012, from Yahoo Finance http//www. finance. yahoo. com/q? s=GD 8Yahoo (2012, October 03). Northrop Grumman Corportation (NOC). Retrieved October 03, 2012, from

On the Morality of Non-Legal Political Tactics

Morality arises from virtue. It makes the determination of good or bad weighed before proper conduct, logical system and experience. as yet what is logical and proper? Can we equate moral with legal? If non, how do we create an hybridisation of the two such that obedience to the law is in addition a moral act?The all overlap amongst piety and law may be an ideal. A code of conduct becomes the framework of morality which is root in cultural norm and tradition, religion, ideology, philosophy and individual conscience. Laws as embodiment of political beliefs and values argon ideally do when morals become a major basis. Yet, in the same way that no one is perfect, society is also an imperfect system and close to of the time morals and laws do non meet in the same direction.The policy-makers atomic number 18 mostly humans with vested interests neglecting majority needs and demands. The shaping of laws ergo is a difficult task for the citizens in order to create a law-abiding a nd morally-upright population. If not, moralists who pursue their comprehend moral code of conduct might afford to disobey societal rules to satisfy morality or the law-abiders might dissatisfy the latter. However, the sources of morality at some point would contend each different vis a vis proper judgment. When this happens, every issue moldiness re accede a relative field of concern and must base the measure of morality on which aspect is dominant.In this paper I would like to present how activities of activists and political interest groups take a shit transgressed legalities however may find justification on moral grounds. The instance chosen atomic number 18 the environmentalists illegal pursuits against companies that degrade the ecology. In a political sense sabotage, rallies, arson and eco-terrorism which atomic number 18 done for the achievement of their political interests atomic number 18 considered political tactics.These are the measures adopted by organizations to create an slump of sustained efforts and operations to make the government act according to their wishes. These political tactics are made outside of state means and are labeled anti-government. Using the framework of the existence of social movements, these strategies are expressed only when sympathizers lost trust in their lobbying capacities and find better attention in the non-state parameters.Yet advocates are confident on the righteousness of their position and actions. Here is an illustration of where the conviction is coming from. permit us concentrate on Eco-terrorism. This simply has been defined as terrorism that is conducted for the sake of environmental causes. fury is employed but is directed against property of the target offenders. The damage that eco-terrorism has caused amounted to $42.8 million for decades which in cc3 increased to 200 million dollars in property damage.Environmentalists have argued that the government have misinterpreted the acts of the so- called eco-terrorists and must refer to the acts of persons, companies and governments that are involved in ecologically irresponsible activities like deforestation, construction of infrastructures in agricultural suburbs, destroying habitat of animals and unlike life-forms.1 This has served the justifying principle for eco-terrorism the sustainability of environment is more important than profit of companies and no amount of consumerism could be utilized as reason for the business expansions and material development.The relative avoidance of killings and deaths resulting from activism is attributed to the value that any culture, religion and ideology places over life and the right to life. The environmentalists have been serious about relating environmental degradation to an indirect act of pickings away the lives of people due to anticipated outcomes of mishandling of the ecology and imbalance in the ecosystem. Nature has its way of acquire back at modernization and industrializ ation global warming, flash floods, extinction, etc. Philosophically speaking, the morality of eco-terrorism also begs ethical consideration.Rights are given importance where morality is present. Human rights have included the right to life, a healthy habitat, and a safe and clean society. In a political sense, power is an element that is not confined to the government and may be given to civil society and interest groups. Authority thereof may be questioned and rendered illegitimate where the general public sees selfish interests dominate the societys politics. The other sources of proper conduct such as norm or tradition, religion and individual conscience may be subjective yet there are some arguments that favor the activists again following the cost-benefit compend of eco-terrorism. The costs may be high now, but it is highest where the environmental destruction is not hindered.Following Aristotles idea of the dependence of morality on law as it appeared on the Nicomachean Eth ics- law is essential should we regard to nurture our moral virtues. This is so because the law can yield to the enhancement of the intellectual virtues and improve our lives in general. However the context with which Aristotle speaks of consists of a society where citizens have relegated authority to political leaders who are most capable and just. Justice is achieved where the benefits of the majority is promoted.It is an unlucky occasion for the present time to be marred with inequalities implicating morality to a downfall. In which case, morality can not base itself on laws as the latter have contained contradictions to the former. Put it in another way, laws have given intrinsic worth to values other than those that are held by philosophy, ideology, norm or religion instead to individualistic benefits. What transpires in laws are political culture, market-oriented beliefs and renew attitudes and behavior none of which is ready to face the non-profit, organized and strong sent iments of environmental activists.1 Cited from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-terrorism

Health Insurance Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

wellness Insurance Analysis Report - Essay ExampleTherefore, ACA ensures quality health service is affordable to plurality regardless of their social class. The Act requires more than individuals to get a health insurance coverage that allow enable them access health facilities anytime without finance problems. As the ACA health reform seeks to achieve all this it entrust inject many changes in the health sector. This paper, therefore, addresses the impacts ACA has brought to the wellness Sector. Patient to Physician Ratio After set up the new health reform on January 1, 2014, the entire healthcare system exit shake from the huge follow of individuals who will insure. Congressional Budget Office estimated that 14 million uninsured young state would join the group on January 1, 2014. By the year 2021, 16 million more will code the brackets. When the newly insured people join the health system, the doctor workload will hike as the number of doctor visits will go up. Limited f unding restricts people from visiting hospitals (Americas Health Insurance Plans, 2007). Besides, the health reforms anticipated will increase claim cost and cause delays in authorize to work. In simple language there will be issues related to scheduling of doctors appointments, ensuring quality healthcare, and availableness of medical resources (Gruber, 2002). According to American Journal of Medical Quality published a report and intercommunicate a shortage of nurses across America between 2009 and 2030, the USA will be hit by a serious shortage of more than 90,000 physicians by 2020 and by 2025, the shortage it will upsurge to more than 130,000 (Gruber, 2002). Lastly, the health reform recommends implementation of other measures of appointments with nurses and physical assistants, which the workers compensation system does non recognize. Eventually, this will cause compensation issues and add client consent requirements (Americas Health Insurance Plans, 2007). Besides, ACA aim s at reducing those physicians shortages by providing loan-based refund programs to principal doctors and offer incentives to medical schools to increase the number of medical students (Gruber, 2002). However, the healthcare system may not see the light of the day soon until students will be under this program graduate and begin their careers. Effect on Tax-Exempt Hospitals ACA has a intent of increasing hydrofoil concerning the payback that tax-exempt hospitals get. The act requires those hospitals to conduct a Community Health take Assessment (CHNA) every three years to portray how they are carrying out their duties to meet needs of their patients (Gruber, 2002). second the tax-exempt hospitals will be required to come up with a written financial assistance policy which would include criteria for eligibility to financial assistance, basis for coming up with figures charged to patients, and measures to be undertaken in grimace of nonpayment (Americas Health Insurance Plans, 20 07). The ACA will keep those tax-exempt hospitals on toes to increase transparency for quality of care to the patients. To crown it all, the health reform recommends penalizing the tax-exempt hospital that does not meet those rules up to $50,000. Health Care Funding Through Affordable Care Act, the Health Centre Program will award new funding which consist of the following. First, Health Center Base Adjustments where the Health Resources and

The Butcher of Milwaukee's Human Slaughterhouse Essay - 1

The Butcher of Milwaukees Hu while Slaughterhouse - Essay ExampleThe discovery that a cosmos so confident, tidy, well adult malenered and clean was capable of such heinous murders, as well as cannibalism, would be a central aspect of this study. To investigate the motives and incentives that led a seemingly aver epoch man to indulge in a violent death spree that lasted and went undetected for 13 years is what this essay allow concentrate on. Furthermore, the analysis will be aided by the use of two theories that will scrutinize factors that have contributed to the crime in question and led to the constitution of Jeffrey Dahmer who came to be known as the man who redefined serial murders by the Online criminologist.According to Tru Crime Library, Detective Patrick Kennedy was the person who gained Jeffrey Dahmers trust and hence plummeted into the depths of his degeneracy. His killing spree of 13 years took root from fantasies about killing men and having sex with their corpses at the age of fourteen. By sixteen he had become an alcoholic with an intense interest in chemistry and dismembering animals. Research, as stated by Dr. Randall Lockwood (vice president of training and initiatives for the Humane Society of the United States), has found excessive connect between animal cruelties in the early years of childhood to future serial killings. A normal characteristic shared by serial killers like Jeffrey Dahmer, Ted Bundy, and David Berkowitz.In June of 1978, right after graduation, Dahmer committed his origin murder. Steven Hicks, a hitchhiker that he picked up, had sex with and then drank beer with was the first of his victims.

Discuss this question. ( more likely to discuss the opinion and Essay

Discuss this question. ( more likely to discuss the purview and knowledge no sources are needed) - Essay ExampleBut mostly, relativistic has been widely used in understanding and interpreting different cultures or distant historical epochs. It begins with possible and even right premise such as we are historically and culturally different. This has again elicited the cultural wars witnessed in the land today. The suggestion that justification or truth is somehow relative would mostly have a salient impact on many fundamental issues about knowledge, intellectual progress, and objectivity.As such, relativism believes the relationship between a certain aspect as related to a certain culture, behaviors or moral principles in a given settings. Intuitively, they hardly believe in cross-cultures attitudes, behaviors or principles, and it is common for them to have lower tolerance.There are, however, slipway that can be done to change this trend in the society. For instance, the integrat ion of science which is universal crosswise culture can dispel the attitude that certain justifications or truth are tied towards a particular culture. It would make everyone feel that what happens does so because of particular reason regardless of the culture associated with such behaviors. by dint of this, the premise of relativism stands to be

Marks & Spencers Dividend Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marks & Spencers Dividend Policy - Essay ExampleThis paper evaluates the different ways a firm pay out silver to its sh areholders such as dividend payout, contrast repurchase and sassy crinkle dividends as practiced by Marks & Spencer.The first step toward understanding dividend policy is to issue that the phrase means different things to different people. A firms decisions about dividends are often mixed up with other financing and investment decisions. Some firms pay low dividends because management is optimistic about the firms future tense and wishes to retain earnings for expansion. In this case the dividend is a by-product of the firms capital budgeting decision. A nonher firm susceptibility finance capital expenditures largely by borrow. This releases hard currency for dividends. In this case the firms dividend is a by-product of the borrowing decision. There is one possible source of the firms investment outlays and borrowing which is an issue of carry. Thus divi dend policy is delimit as the trade-off between retaining earnings on the one hand and paying(a) out cash and issuing new shares on the other. (Brealey & Myers, 2003)There are many firms that pay dividends and also issue stock from time to time. They could avoid the stock issues by paying lower dividends. many other firms restrict dividends so that they do not have to issue shares. They could issue stock occasionally and increase the dividend. Both groups of firms are facing the dividend policy trade-off. In short, companies can hand back cash to their shareholders either by paying a dividend or by buying back their stock. (Carlson, 2001)Most companies pay a regular cash dividend each quarter, but occasionally this regular dividend is supplemented by a one-off extra or special dividend. Dividends are not always in the form of cash. Frequently companies also declare stock dividends. Both stock dividends and reveals increase the number of shares, but the companys assets, profits, an d total value are unaffected. The distinction between the two is technical. A stock dividend is shown in the accounts as a transfer from retained earnings to equity capital, whereas a split is shown as a reduction in the par value of each share. (DeAngelo, DeAngelo, & Skinner, Special Dividends and the Evolution of Dividend Signaling, 2000)Many companies have automatic dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs). Often the new shares are issued at a 5 percent brush off from the market price the firm offers this sweetener because it saves the underwriting costs of a regular share issue. Sometimes 10 percent or more of total dividends will be reinvested under such plans. Sometimes companies not but allow shareholders to reinvest dividends but also allow them to buy additional shares at a discount. In some cases substantial amounts of money have been invested. (Scholes & Wolfson, 1989)There is an important difference in the taxation of dividends and stock repurchases. Dividends are taxed as ordinary income, but stockholders who sell shares back to the firm pay tax only on capital gains realized in the sale. However, the Internal Revenue Service is on the lookout for companies that disguise dividends as repurchases, and it may decide that regular or proportional repurchases should be taxed as dividend payments. (Jagannathan, Stephens, & Weisbach, 2000)Stock redemptionThere are three main ways to repurchase stock.