Analytical report based on an case study about IT project management Essay

Scientific report dependent on a contextual analysis about IT anticipate the board - Essay Example The arena had its worldwide acknowledgment and with its introduction, it was to have five matches of Euro Championship. The arena was encircled by numerous bigger games complex and alongside its own onlookers. The arena could give monstrous customers and business to eateries and bars. In such manner Casa XXI was contracted for providing food administrations of eatery, bars and of uncommon occasions in the Alvalade arena for the following fifteen years. Casa XXI was the subsequent organization with its three accomplices explicitly made for Alvalade Stadium Complex. Casa XXI had colossal experience of cooking since decades. According to understanding Casa XXI got option to serve 9 roads including Prestige, Corporate Club, Sports 21, Restaurant Casa XXI, Cafeteria, Cafe for representatives, Lodges, Kiosks, Bars and strolling deals people. Overseeing and abusing income from these roads was not easy and neither Casa XXI was all set conventional. In this way, Casa XXI chose to go for anoth er electronic framework which was a significant development. This inventive framework utilized prepaid cards to pay for deals. These prepaid cards had an extraordinary sequential number which was to be recognized by a scanner. The scanner could look at the card status and revive cash to the card. Fascinating viewpoint was its lapse wherein card could be utilized ordinarily. The primary goal of this framework was to dispose of the conventional money framework which was additional tedious. The new inventive framework could serve numerous clients in shorter time thus profitability was relied upon to be improved. The imaginative framework utilized a focal database to spare data everything being equal and deals. In this imaginative framework when a shopper made an installment by the card, the scanners were to follow card holder’s data and cash in the card. After which deal was to occur or the cash could be charged appropriately. The framework was additionally partitioned into two units. First unit was worked by the front office answerable for connecting customers while back office unit was determined for stock administration though data of both framework was recorded on an outer database. Thus, the normal objective of this inventive framework was to make a settled electronic arrangement of installment which could reform the deals at Alvalade Stadium. Casa XXI enormously pitched their creative framework seeking after a grand opening. Redistributing is a typical practice is these days business. Redistributing may occur because of numerous variables. These components might be business, political, specialized or monetary. For this situation, Case XXI comes up short on the aptitude with respect to IT anticipates and frameworks. It has essentially been in food and cooking business and such specialized aptitude is by all accounts remote in the business it works in, With a vital occasion coming up, redistributing the new inventive venture had regard to be a decent c hoice. Redistributing has numerous points of interest. Some of them incorporate access to the necessary skill effectively, more prominent spotlight on center capacities and hazard sharing. Casa XXI have exploited the referenced favorable circumstances to extraordinary degree. It wouldn’t be anything but difficult to gain the aptitude of the IT anticipate effectively and in the event that they chose to each piece of the undertaking themselves they would no uncertainty have endured in their center mastery, providing food. Center disappointments of the framework The imaginative framework was relied upon to carry heaps of profitability to Casa XXI however sadly the initiation conflicted with all expectations and demolished

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Essay - 1

Overseeing Financial Resources and Decisions - Essay Example Chiefs accept that money advances a superior comprehension among divisions and help them to accomplish corporate system (Shim and Siegel, 2008, p.5-7). There are various apparatuses through which the administration examinations the productivity of their monetary administration methodology. Not many of the generally utilized apparatuses are proportion investigation, spending estimating and breaking down, net future income however NPV. The executives likewise utilizes certain particular devices to decide the gainfulness and the pace of return through instruments like IRR, ROI and benefit record. Any issue existing in the money related strategy followed by the organization can prompt a significant issue in future. Along these lines the budgetary office ought to break down the productivity of these strategies on an intermittent premise and should refresh them to adapt up to changing business sector situation. English Airways is a full assistance giving worldwide carrier that offers low toll courses consistently. The aircraft has a broad system practically everywhere throughout the world and interfaces all the crucial goals. The immense armada size, huge number of global flights and thick systems administration makes British Airways the biggest carrier in UK. At present the organization has it’s headquarter at London Gatwick Airport just as London Heathrow Airport. The carrier administration gave by the organization interfaces in excess of 150 goals through 248 airplanes. Anyway expanded rivalry in carrier industry, change in unrefined petroleum costs and breakdown of the world economy has lead to the bringing down of its traveler base. This ruin is influencing the income just as market picture of the organization. To have a superior comprehension of the proficiency with which BA deals with its fund, an inside and out investigation of the company’s financials was finished. On premise of this examination certain imperative elements identified with the organization are talked about beneath. In the wake of breaking down the yearly income articulation of the

How to Write an APA Paper - Here Are Some Steps That Will Help You

How to Write an APA Paper - Here Are Some Steps That Will Help YouIf you're wondering how to write an APA paper, then this article is for you. By reading this article, you will learn that writing your own APA paper isn't necessarily as hard as it may seem. Furthermore, by writing this article, you will be given a comprehensive guide on how to write an APA paper.The great thing about writing your own APA paper is that the process is completely under your control. Writing your own APA paper allows you to choose exactly what you want to write about, and this is a huge benefit when it comes to studying. You will have complete control over how you go about completing your study, including the way you format your work.When learning how to write an APA paper, the first step is to determine what kinds of questions you are going to need to answer. This may seem like a rather obvious step, but it is often the first step that is overlooked by many students. How to write an APA paper will requir e that you determine what kinds of questions you need to answer, and how you want your answers to look. In addition, it is very important that you know where to start your research, because you will not want to get stuck in a rut.One of the best ways to help you with this problem is to start using various sources that can assist you in your research. If you can, use a reference book such as Harvard's Principles of Psychology, which has an entire chapter dedicated to the topic of psychology. Furthermore, you can get the same information from Wikipedia. Wikipedia offers a huge selection of articles that can be useful in learning how to write an APA paper.The next thing you should do is search online for articles or guides that may be helpful to you and find places where you can look up information. This includes searching through the internet archives, which offers you thousands of articles from past years.For example, if you're working on a research paper on sexism in advertising, th en you might want to look up articles written on sexism in advertising. If you're looking for information on how to write an APA paper on career development, then you should look through the Career Development in the Workplace articles on the wiki. There are many other online sources that you can find to help you with your research.The reason why the above two points are important is because they help you become more knowledgeable in the field of how to write an APA paper. However, if you still need more information, then take advantage of the resources listed here and expand your knowledge!Remember, you're research is the most important part of your APA paper, so make sure that you follow the rules and make sure that you present your findings in the best way possible. With the many benefits of using the many available sources of information online, you'll be amazed at how easy it really is to learn how to write an APA paper.

The Ideal Writing Process Is A Very Generic Way Of Writing

1. The ideal writing process is a very generic way of writing papers. To begin with a topic that fits the requirements of the rubric. After finding a topic start with a prewrite or an outline to help the writer get their thoughts together. Once this is done finding creditable resources that well make the paper stronger and give the writer more creditably. The writer then writes his rough draft that has all the elements that the outline had. Putting in all the recourse and following the format of the paper. Making sure the writer stays on topic though the paper. Once the rough draft is done, then they begin to revise the essay. Having maybe a friend look over it for grammar error. The writer should also read the paper out loud to make sure he or she doesn’t find any mistakes. After this process you have your final draft, the writer to go though it one last time before turning it in for the final time. 2. The real writing process thought in this class is much more detailed and well help finding more errors to correct. Is to begin with what is the theme of the paper or what did the teacher assign. After getting the rubric for the paper, then the writer must find a topic that fits the requirements. When the writer finds a topic, then must began the pre writing stage. Which begins with a DRP followed by research of the topic. Finding creditable resources to make the paper more valid. When the writer has enough information he or she can type up an outline, it is map of how theShow MoreRelatedWhat Produces The Biggest Impact On Learning?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesdevotion could have strong impacts on students learning effectiveness. Learning scientists have been investing their energies to this kind of studies and trying to coordinate variables into an equation which describes students learning in a more precise way. An online learning environment is even more complex than classrooms. This is partially because people are set apart physically and peers interactions are mediated by devices. Therefore, students learning could not be measured by learning outcomesRead MoreEssay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesand visual narratives. Through comparison, this study describes linguistic features of the text framed on the websites of four universities and interpret the factors contributing to the process of identity construction. Each website provides a wealth of textual information that speaks both to the study abroad process and to the individual programs. One of the most overt themes of this discourse is the possibility for students to experience firsthand the diversity and complexity of their destination’sRead MoreStrategic Management and Michael Porter: a Postmodern Reading7507 Words   |  31 Pagespostmodern Porter is revealed. The interview is followed by a number of other radical interpretations of strategic management which could be identified as a ‘critical stream’ within the literature. I conclude the essay with some thoughts about the process and speculate on the possible implications for other academics and practitioners. Will the real ‘strategic management’ please stand up? Any glance through the management literature of the last decade or two shows the prominence of ‘strategic management’Read MoreHemingway s The World War I, Lost Generation, By Ernest Hemingway1460 Words   |  6 Pagesas weak. He makes them seem stupid and ignorant. Literary style and works Many people hold the opinion that there has been no American writer like Ernest Hemingway. A member of the World War I â€Å"lost generation,† Hemingway was in many ways his own best character. Whether as his childhood nickname of â€Å"Champ† or as the older â€Å"Papa,† Ernest Hemingway became a legend of his own lifetime. 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Comparatively, Reid (1993) defined self-reflection as an active process rather than passive thinkingRead MorePersuasive Essay - Original Writing2047 Words   |  9 Pagesrequirement. Significant time, and copious amounts of editing, are commonly dedicated to eradicating continuity errors, thereby producing clear, precise prose. I’m sure you’re all agonisingly familiar with this process. You simply cannot introduce a character with stunning blue eyes, and then, in the very next sentence, describe those same eyes as muddled brown. You certainly can’t flippantly change your character’s name; not if you aspire to be taken seriously, at least. Readers are so attuned to theseRead MoreBasic Guidelines for Successful Planning Process5859 Words   |  24 PagesSuccessful Planning Process | Business Planning -- Recommended Books | Basic Guidelines for Successful Planning Process Basic Guidelines for Successful Planning Process Written by Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD, Authenticity Consulting, LLC. Copyright 1997-2008. Adapted from the Field Guide to Nonprofit Strategic Planning and Facilitation and Field Guide to Nonprofit Program Design, Marketing and Evaluation. One of the most common sets of activities in the management is planning. Very simply put, planningRead More Aphra Behn and the Changing Perspectives on Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel6049 Words   |  25 Pageschanges which altered a largely agricultural society ruled by a landed aristocracy into a democratic, industrial empire, supported by a vast network of trade and production. In particular The Rise of the Novel placed considerable importance on the way the genre â€Å"altered the centre of gravity sufficiently to place the middle class as a whole in a dominating position for the first time† (Watt, p.48). In the exploration of this Watt championed the Defoe/Richardson/Fielding lineage that continues to

The Theory Of Going Green - 850 Words

Almost everything we see around us, the cloths we wear, the food we eat, the houses we live in, the paper we write on, the vehicles we drive, all need energy to be created or transformed from some natural resource to the final product. There are many ways in which we can reduce the negative impact in which we have on the environment, many of them are low or no cost actions that we can implement on a daily basis. The whole theory of going green is so that we can all put forth an effort to switch to clean renewable energy sources. By purchasing products that can be recycled it show that we are using our money as a voting tool by choosing to do so. Renewable Energy Analysis The first example that comes to mind in renewable energy would be Nuclear power, all the reactors heat water to produce steam, which is then converted into mechanical work or the purpose of generating electricity or propulsion (List Verse, 2009). The second would be Solar Power is something that we are seeing more and more each day, and some communities are starting to embrace the fact that they can offer incentives for residents converting to green energy options. Petroleum is used on a daily basis as well, it’s how most of us enjoy the daily commutes to work and all of the other places we have to travel. The second example would be solar energy which relies solely on the Sun. Mirrors and boilers come to mind when thinking of the complex technologies used to make this happen, on the downside of that,Show MoreRelatedAn Environmentally Friendly Business Is A Main Priority For National And International Businesses944 Words   |  4 Pages‘sustai nability’ used in many businesses these days. A sustainable business is a business that has no negative overall impact on the environment.† Although many businesses have become more â€Å"green† in their marketing and production, it is very rare to find a sustainable business. One example of a business that is going green is the Citi Bike Company. Not only are the bikes used by thousands of New Yorkers every day, but they are reducing the amount of cars on the street, which is eliminating pollution. BusinessesRead MoreDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Species; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his theory of evo lution. By the 1870’s the scientific community and the public now viewed evolution as a fact. Darwin’s theories and scientificRead MoreGermany Is Better Than Its Neighbors1665 Words   |  7 Pagesevery other country, and talk about how much better and efficient it is, he is simply trying to talk about Germany’s environmental potential and what it effectively did to use it to the maximum capability, and how this effected the country. Being green is not a race or competition, and its not who is winning; it is about who has what resources and what they are doing with them. Of course, throughout the book, Germany is the focus. Uekà ¶tter elaborates a lot on Germany and all of its potential andRead MoreA Reflection On Learning Theories939 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I first started going to college to become a teacher I thought I would just be able to learn the curriculum, write a lesson plan and teach the kids. Simple right? I figured that how to teach was just common sense. I know now I was so wrong. There is so much more that goes into being a teacher. We need to be reflective teachers who are curious about children and how they play, how they learn language, about their temperaments, about their families and home lives. We need to take time toRead MorePerceptions And Perceptions Of Consumer Behavior Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesIn attitude-behaviour relationships, the Theory of Reasoned Action states that consumer behaviours are constructed by their attitudes, and the attitude itself is the result of the consumers’ perception (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975). With regards to greenwashing, research has found that this attitude-behaviour relationship could manipulate the perception of consumer (see table 2 for perceptions and explanations), for instance, perceived deception (Newell et al., 1998), perceived scepticism (Albayrak etRead MoreThe Soap Is Good For The Environment Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesany schemes in New Zealand t hat would allow governments and regulatory sectors to serve the public and advise them on green purchasing in a way that is fair to commercial interests. However, regarding ‘green’ labels, credibility can be judged by looking at the packaging; credentials are typically referred to on packaging and also on the company’s website. This lack of recognized ‘green’ labels provides an opportunity for established brands, for instance Greenpeace to step in and provide more. 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This is why we believe that schools nowadays should in cooperate the idea of â€Å"going green† and bring environmentally friendly ways into their everyday activities. As human development and developmental psychology majors, we feel strongly about helping children grow and develop into the best that they can be. This is why we find it veryRead MoreConsumer Perception Of Consumer Behavior Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesconstruct is explored in the Theory of Reasoned Action, where Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) state this in regards to attitude-behaviour relationships. When it comes to greenwashing, research has found that this attitude-behaviour relationship could manipulate the perception of the consumer. The consumer perceptions when it comes to companies can be explained by: perceived deception, which is caused by an organization which misleadingly advertises its product as being ‘green’ (Newell et al., 1998); perceivedRead MoreThe Green Hotel Industry And Its Practices1329 Words   |  6 Pagesof green hotels among tourists within the Hong Kong hospitality industry and its practices. Over the years, efforts to improve environmental conditions as well as social responsibility in the hospitality industry have grown dramatically among individual hotels as well as the entire hotel sector within Hong Kong. Green hotels, also known as environmentally friendly hotels, have become more and more familiar with consumers. The Green Hotels Association really sets the standard of what going green

Combating Social Inequality Poverty - 2261 Words

Combating Social Inequality Social inequality is a global concern impacting not only the poorest nations, but also the most economically advanced nations in the world. More alarming is the amount of separation between the worlds’ wealthiest and the worlds’ poorest inhabitants, with the gap widening year after year. It is estimated that between 17,000 and 22,000 children die each day due to poverty, and more than 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. Governments have implemented policies to help bridge the gap of social inequalities between the different races and classes in an attempt to even the playing field, politics and capitalism however have countered and, in some instances, nullified the effectiveness of those policies. Research suggests that addressing education as the root cause of social inequality, in lieu of ineffective policies that only benefit the affluent and social elite, is essential in combating poverty levels, life expectancy, quality of life and overall social well-being. The benefits of attaining higher levels of education are not limited to increased income levels and increased career opportunities. A study conducted in Denmark spanning from 1987 to 2011 concluded that people with tertiary education levels had a considerable life expectancy advantage over their primary and lower secondary education level peers (Brà ¸nnum-Hansen Baadsgaard, 2012), with the gap in life expectancy increasing over the 25 year study. Another study concludedShow MoreRelatedCombat Poverty, Developing And Developed Nations?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesto combat poverty, in developing and developed nations? 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Though, this will not in a sense create income equality however, it would promote additional income and income distribution to lower income households. Through this me thod the standard income requirements to be eligible for the Earned Income

International Bond Markets free essay sample

CHAPTER 12 INTERNATIONAL BOND MARKETS SUGGESTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS QUESTIONS 1. Describe the differences between foreign bonds and Eurobonds. Also discuss why Eurobonds make up the lion’s share of the international bond market. Answer: The two segments of the international bond market are: foreign bonds and Eurobonds. A foreign bond issue is one offered by a foreign borrower to investors in a national capital market and denominated in that nation’s currency. assignment help blog A Eurobond issue is one denominated in a particular currency, but sold to investors in national capital markets other than the country which issues the denominating currency. Eurobonds make up over 80 percent of the international bond market. The two major reasons for this stem from the fact that the U. S. dollar is the currency most frequently sought in international bond financing. First, Eurodollar bonds can be brought to market more quickly than Yankee bonds because they are not offered to U. We will write a custom essay sample on International Bond Markets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. investors and thus do not have to meet the strict SEC registration requirements. Second, Eurobonds are typically bearer bonds that provide anonymity to the owner and thus allow a means for evading taxes on the interest received. Because of this feature, investors are generally willing to accept a lower yield on Eurodollar bonds in comparison to registered Yankee bonds of comparable terms, where ownership is recorded. For borrowers the lower yield means a lower cost of debt service. 2. Briefly define each of the major types of international bond market instruments, noting their distinguishing characteristics. Answer: The major types of international bond instruments and their distinguishing characteristics are as follows: Straight fixed-rate bond issues have a designated maturity date at which the principal of the bond issue is promised to be repaid. During the life of the bond, fixed coupon payments that are some percentage rate of the face value are paid as interest to the bondholders. This is the major international bond type. Straight fixed-rate Eurobonds are typically bearer bonds and pay coupon interest annually. Floating-rate notes (FRNs) are typically medium-term bonds with their coupon payments indexed to some reference rate. Common reference rates are either three-month or six-month U. S. dollar LIBOR. Coupon payments on FRNs are usually quarterly or semi-annual, and in a accord with the reference rate. A convertible bond issue allows the investor to exchange the bond for a pre-determined number of equity shares of the issuer. The floor value of a convertible bond is its straight fixed-rate bond value. Convertibles usually sell at a premium above the larger of their straight debt value and their conversion value. Additionally, investors are usually willing to accept a lower coupon rate of interest than the comparable straight fixed coupon bond rate because they find the call feature attractive. Bonds with equity warrants can be viewed as a straight fixed-rate bond with the addition of a call option (or warrant) feature. The warrant entitles the bondholder to purchase a certain number of equity shares in the issuer at a pre-stated price over a pre-determined period of time. Zero coupon bonds are sold at a discount from face value and do not pay any coupon interest over their life. At maturity the investor receives the full face value. Another form of zero coupon bonds are stripped bonds. A stripped bond is a zero coupon bond that results from stripping the coupons and principal from a coupon bond. The result is a series of zero coupon bonds represented by the individual coupon and principal payments. A dual-currency bond is a straight fixed-rate bond which is issued in one currency and pays coupon interest in that same currency. At maturity, the principal is repaid in a second currency. Coupon interest is frequently at a higher rate than comparable straight fixed-rate bonds. The amount of the dollar principal repayment at maturity is set at inception; frequently, the amount allows for some appreciation in the exchange rate of the stronger currency. From the investor’s perspective, a dual currency bond includes a long-term forward contract. Composite currency bonds are denominated in a currency basket, such as SDRs or ECUs, instead of a single currency. They are frequently called currency cocktail bonds. They are typically straight fixed-rate bonds. The currency composite is a portfolio of currencies: when some currencies are depreciating others may be appreciating, thus yielding lower variability overall. . Why do most international bonds have high Moody’s or Standard Poor’s credit ratings? Answer: Moody’s Investors Service and Standard Poor’s provide credit ratings on most international bond issues. It has been noted that a disproportionate share of international bonds have high credit ratings. The evidence suggests that a logical reason for this is that the Eurobond market is only accessible to firms that have good credit ratings to begin with. 4. What factors does Standard Poor’s analyze in determining the credit rating it assigns to a sovereign government? Answer: In rating a sovereign government, SP’s analysis centers around an examination of: political risk, income and economic structure, economic growth prospects, fiscal flexibility, general government debt burden, offshore and contingent liabilities, monetary flexibility, external liquidity, public-sector external debt burden, and private-sector debt burden. The rating assigned to a sovereign is particularly important because it usually represents the ceiling for ratings SP will assign to an obligation of an entity domiciled within that country. 5. Discuss the process of bringing a new international bond issue to market. Answer: A borrower desiring to raise funds by issuing Eurobonds to the investing public will contact an investment banker and ask it to serve as lead manager of an underwriting syndicate that will bring the bonds to market. The lead manager will usually invite other banks to form a managing group to help negotiate terms with the borrower, ascertain market conditions, and manage the issuance. The managing group, along with other banks, will serve as underwriters for the issue, i. e. , they will commit their own capital to buy the issue from the borrower at a discount from the issue price. Most of the underwriters, along with other banks, will be part of a selling group that sells the bonds to the investing public. The various members of the underwriting syndicate receive a portion of the spread (usually in the range of 2 to 2. 5 percent of the issue size), depending upon the number and type of functions they perform. The lead manager receives the full spread, and a bank serving as only a member of the selling group receives a smaller portion. 6. You are an investment banker advising a Eurobank about a new international bond offering it is considering. The proceeds are to be used to fund Eurodollar loans to bank clients. What type of bond instrument would you recommend that the bank consider issuing? Why? Answer: Since the Eurobank desires to use the bond proceeds to finance Eurodollar loans, which are floating-rate loans, the investment banker should recommend that the bank issue FRNs, which are a variable rate instrument. Thus there will a correspondence between the interest rate the bank pays for funds and the interest rate it receives from its loans. For example, if the bank frequently makes term loans indexed to 3-month LIBOR, it might want to issue FRNs, also, indexed to 3-month LIBOR. 7. What should a borrower consider before issuing dual-currency bonds? What should an investor consider before investing in dual-currency bonds? Answer: A dual currency bond is a straight fixed-rate bond which is issued in one currency and pays coupon interest in that same currency. At maturity, the principal is repaid in a second currency. Coupon interest is frequently at a higher rate than comparable straight fixed-rate bonds. The amount of the dollar principal repayment at maturity is set at inception; frequently, the amount allows for some appreciation in the exchange rate of the stronger currency. From the investor’s perspective, a dual currency bond includes a long-term forward contract. If the second currency appreciates over the life of the bond, the principal repayment will be worth more than a return of principal in the issuing currency. However, if the payoff currency depreciates, the investor will suffer an exchange rate loss. Dual currency bonds are attractive to MNCs seeking financing in order to establish or expand operations in the country issuing the payoff currency. During the early years, the coupon payments can be made by the parent firm in the issuing currency. At maturity, the MNC anticipates the principal to be repaid from profits earned by the subsidiary. The MNC may suffer an exchange rate loss if the subsidiary is unable to repay the principal and the payoff currency has appreciated relative to the issuing currency. Consequently, both the borrower and the investor are exposed to exchange rate uncertainty from a dual currency bond. PROBLEMS: 1. Your firm has just issued five-year floating-rate notes indexed to six-month U. S. dollar LIBOR plus 1/4%. What is the amount of the first coupon payment your firm will pay per U. S. $1,000 of face value, if six-month LIBOR is currently 7. 2%? Solution: 0. 5 x (. 072 + . 0025) x $1,000 = $37. 25. 2. The discussion of zero-coupon bonds in the text gave an example of two zero-coupon bonds issued by Commerzbank. The DM300,000,000 issue due in 1995 sold at 50 percent of face value, and the DM300,000,000 due in 2000 sold at 33 1/3 percent of face value; both were issued in 1985. Calculate the implied yield to maturity of each of these two zero-coupon bond issues. Solution: The bonds due in 1995 sold at 50% percent of face value. Since they were issued in 1985, they had a ten year maturity. Assuming a DM1,000 par value, their yield-to-maturity is: (DM1,000/DM500)1/10 1 = . 07177 or 7. 177% per annum. The bonds due in year 2000 sold at 33 1/3%. They have a 15 year maturity. Their yield-to-maturity is: (DM1,000/DM333. 33)1/15 1 =. 07599 or 7. 599% per annum. 3. Consider 8. 5 percent Swiss franc/U. S. dollar dual-currency bonds that pay $666. 67 at maturity per SF1,000 of par value. What is the implicit SF/$ exchange rate at maturity? Will the investor be better or worse off at maturity if the actual SF/$ exchange rate is SF1. 5/$1. 00? Solution: Implicitly, the dual currency bonds call for the exchange of SF1,000 of face value for $666. 67. Therefore, the implicit exchange rate built into the dual currency bond issue is SF1,000/$666. 67, or SF1. 50/$1. 00. If the exchange rate at maturity is SF1. 35/$1. 00, SF1,000 would buy $740. 74 = SF1,000/SF1. 35. Thus, the dual currency bond investor is worse off with $ 666. 67 because the dollar is at a depreciated level in comparison to the implicit exchange rate of SF1. 50/$1. 00. MINI CASE: SARA LEE CORPORATION’S EUROBONDS Sara Lee Corp. s serving up a brand name and a shorter maturity than other recent corporate borrowers to entice buyers to its first-ever dollar Eurobonds. The U. S. maker of consumer products, from Sara Lee cheesecake to Hanes pantyhose and Hillshire Farm meats, is selling $100 million in bonds with a 6 percent coupon. These are three-year bonds; other corporate bond sellers including Coca-Cola Co. , Unilever NV, and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , have concentrated on its five-year maturities. â€Å"It is a well-known name and it is bringing paper to a part of the maturity curve where there is not much there,† said Noel Dunn of Goldman Sachs International. Goldman Sachs expects to find most buyers in the Swiss retail market, where â€Å"high-quality American corporate paper is their favorite buy,† Dunn said. These are the first bonds out of a $500 million Eurobond program that Sara Lee announced in August 1995, and the proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, said Jeffery Smith, a spokesman for the company. The bond is fairly priced, according to Bloomberg Fair Value analysis, which compared a bond with similar issues available in the market. The bond offers investors a yield of 5. 881 percent annually or 5. 797 percent semiannually. That is 22 basis points more than they can get on the benchmark five-year U. S. Treasury note. BFV analysis calculates that the bond is worth $100,145 on a $100,000 bond, compared with the re-offer price of $100,320. Anything within a $500 range on a $100,000 bond more or less than its BFV price is deemed fairly priced. Sara Lee is rated â€Å"AA-† by Standard Poor’s Corp. and â€Å"A1,† one notch lower, by Moody’s Investors Service. In July 1994, Sara Lee’s Netherlands division sold 200 million Dutch guilders ($127 million) of three-year bonds at 35 basis points over comparable Netherlands government bonds. In January, its Australian division sold 51 million British pounds ($78 million) of bonds maturing in 2004, to yield 9. 43 percent. What thoughts do you have about Sara Lee’s debt-financing strategy? Suggested Solution to Sara Lee Corp. ’s Eurobonds Sara Lee is the ideal candidate to issue Eurobonds. The company has worldwide name recognition, and it has an excellent credit rating that allows it to place new bond issues easily. By issuing dollar denominated Eurobonds to Swiss investors, Sara Lee can bring new issues to market much more quickly than if it sold domestic dollar denominated bonds. Moreover, the Eurodollar bonds likely sell at a lower yield than comparable domestic bonds. Additionally, it appears as if Sara Lee is raising funds in a variety of foreign currencies. Sara Lee most likely has large cash inflows in these same currencies that can be used to meet the debt service obligations on these bond issues. Thus Sara Lee is finding a use for some of its foreign currency receipts and does not have to be concerned with the exchange rate uncertainty of these part of its foreign cash inflows.

A Case Study That Refelcets on the Inception and Growth of Jelly Belly free essay sample

David decided not take the bar exam but pursue a career he was captivated by, making and selling candy. David Kline a quirky and creative candy maker has invented over 450 types of candy. His most famous candy was Jelly Belly. David first opened and operated a wholesale nut and raisin business and attained experience and a reputation in the Los Angelos Area with local distributors of nuts, raisins, and candies. While operating and maintaining the wholesale nut and raisin business, David developed a gourmet jelly bean, he coined Jelly Belly. Jelly Belly’s competitive dimension was quality. David’s vision was to create a high-end jelly bean, with a premium quality, flavor, and a unique shape. David created the original 8 flavors in 1975. David approached Herman Goelitz, president of the Goelitz Candy Inc. , a generational candy business, founded in 1869, primarily known for fine candy corn, with a business proposal for production of the Jelly Belly. We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Study That Refelcets on the Inception and Growth of Jelly Belly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mr. Goelitz began business with David and began the production of the 8 flavors David had created in 1976. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine, Lemon, Green Apple, Grape Jelly, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. David was familiar with the successful main stream marketing strategies of McDonalds and Burger King. He created the Jelly Belly logo, in bright yellow and red. Soon after, David acquired a space in a store front operation. He wanted a place to sell, where publicity could be generated, that was bright and cheerful. He attained a space in the ice cream parlor with $800. He placed a stand in the corner of the parlor. The product was appealing yet it did not sell; the price for the jelly beans was outrageous. The candy industry was late in getting price increases, the candy industry was locked into low end prices. Afraid to make better candy because distributors would not purchase on the basis that customers did not want to pay more for a quality candy but expected to pay a low price for candy. Total sales for the first seven-day period was $44. David called the associated press and invited the press to his store front in the parlor, and created a set up to demonstrate to the press that he was doing well with the Jelly Belly business and to expose the press to the taste and quality of the Jelly Belly. The press report declared Jelly Belly to be the new candy craze. David continued with the momentum he had received from the press conference. David appeared on TV shows, radio shows and phone orders were directed to the ice cream parlor. Pres. Ronald Reagan, sampled Jelly Belly’s and loved them. He ordered 60 cases monthly. Local distributors began to sell and make a profit from Jelly Belly. $5 would ship 2lbs anywhere in the US. Soon after he established push carts in Holly Wood, Beverly Hills and Century City. The carts were visited by celebrities and this attracted more publicity. The demand for Jelly Belly grew at a very rapid rate after David worked diligently on attaining publicity for Jelly Belly. Goelitz Candy Inc. did not have the resources to support the demand for Jelly Belly. The back log for Jelly Belly grew rapidly reaching a climax of over a one year waiting list for delivery. David did not take needed action to plan for and mitigate the risk of having one supplier and logistics failures. David lacked the ability to deal with supply chain coordination risks; Jelly Belly was lacking safety stocks, safety lead times, multiple suppliers or alternate suppliers. Goelitz Candy Inc. was Jelly Bellys, sole manufacturer. David was unable to determine the overall capacity level of capital intensive resources that best supported the Co. s long term competitive strategy. Jelly Bellies were produced in the Goelitz Plant, the PWP concept was utilized. Goelitz lacked capacity flexibility. Goelitz was unable to increase production of the Jelly Belly, they were unable to shift production capacity quickly enough from other products to the Jelly Belly products. Operational Effectiveness at the candy plant and for Jelly Belly were poor; either stakeholder did not have control initiatives or planning and control systems that could mitigate meeting the high demand. The leadership of Goelitz The high quality of the Jelly Belly was a trade off to low Inc. st. The order winning criterion for Jelly Belly was quality; the order qualifier was the 25 distinct flavors and colors. Herman Goelitz Inc. convinced David Klein that 200 hundred employees relied on his decision to sell JB to the Goelitz Candy Inc. David lacked legal representation at the meeting.

Tapping into the Christian Market

Tapping into the Christian Market Tapping into the Christian Market Tapping into the Christian Market By Guest Author This is a guest post by Barbara Youree. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. If your goal is to be published somewhere- anywhere- to build up credits that will open the door to larger publications, the religious market is a good place to begin. Study the market Determine what publishers are looking for and where you will fit in. Many religious/spiritual magazines are limited to a single denomination, whereas others attract a general audience. All religious publications operate according to a particular slant- from conservative to liberal. Some are family oriented. Others focus on world events with a peace/justice theme. Studying Writers’ Market and leafing through magazines in a library or bookstore are good ways to begin. Find a publication that looks like a comfortable fit for you. My focus here is on magazines, but the same principles apply to books, on-line writing, flyers, and tracts. Content Most magazines reserve their articles on theology for recognized religious leaders such as professional ministers, priests, rabbis or others, but almost all have plenty of space for other writers. Many editors seek first-person stories about faith or personal spiritual experiences. These can be your own, or those of someone you know or have interviewed. Some to consider: Angels on Earth and Alive Now! Additionally, most religious magazines accept articles on travel, child rearing, finance, health and other topics of general interest. In such articles there is no need to mention God or make any religious reference at all. The writer simply needs to keep the tone clean and family friendly. Some examples are Mature Living and Parents Teens. A few, including Christian Century and Sojourners accept poetry. Avoid â€Å"religious† language You may be surprised to learn that the quickest path to rejection of a piece for the religious market is the use of religious terminology. Even denominational magazines hope â€Å"non-churched† people will read their articles. Instead of â€Å"washed in the blood of the lamb,† say something like, â€Å"awareness of a higher being.† Rather than she â€Å"loved her neighbor as herself,† tell how she always asked people about their concerns and offered to pet-sit for the elderly person during his hospital stay. Keep the wording as broad and as inclusive as possible. For most publications, use the word spiritual rather than religious, God rather than Jesus, and scriptures rather than Bible. Like love, religion is difficult to write about without using clichà ©s or maudlin sentimentality. Editors of religious publications appreciate articles on spirituality that are fresh and insightful, written in lively, non-churchy English. If you can offer that, opportunities abound. Barbara Youree has written extensively for the religious market. In addition to numerous magazine articles, she has authored four historical Christian romances and six children’s books about missionary children and their friendship with their peers in foreign countries. Courageous Journey, Walking the Lost Boys Path from the Sudan to America is her latest nonfiction book. She makes her home in Rogers Arkansas. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormConversational Email

Can Sears Holdings Latest Strategy Allow the Corporation to Become a Essay

Can Sears Holdings Latest Strategy Allow the Corporation to Become a Competitor in Retail Once Again - Essay Example Can Sears Holdings Latest Strategy Allow the Corporation to Become a Competitor in Retail Once Again? This plan was woefully inadequate and profit has decreased the preceding 19 quarters consecutively. Capital and store updates are the only possible solution that analysts’ feel could make a difference in the demise of both chains. Sears is now competing with mega giant discount chain Wal-Mart, stylish and up to date Target and electronic giant Best Buy. Though Sears was once the catalog choice of America it has failed in building solid ground in the online retail market where others have had success (Munarriz). The ANSOFF matrix is used to generate strategic directions using product market options, possible growth opportunities are noted and explored and presented to reveal four distinct strategies2. ANSOFF focuses on using marketing strategy to achieve growth though it does not provide solutions or suggestion of how this strategy should be implemented, which requires further analysis. Sears Holdings has recently acquired a new chief merchandising officer, Ron Boire, who has previously been responsible for the success of Brookstone while also being utilized at Best Buy and Toy R Us. With Sears being such a household name for so many years it is possible that with diversification and new market development along with the maintaining of current customers through the use of reward programs and targeted marketing that Sears Holdings can compete with the larger chain retail stores.

Frederick douglass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Frederick douglass - Essay Example Though he lived to see the official end of slavery, the struggle for equality continued and still does to this day inspired by his and many others bravery and sacrifice. The illegitimate son of a white plantation owner father and slave mother, the early years of Frederick Douglass, originally Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, life was unstable. He was given to his grandmother to raise at the age of 10 following his mothers untimely death in about 1828. Soon after, Douglass was afforded the opportunity to live in the masters home, presumably because the owner acknowledged that he was his biological son. When his plantation owner, Captain Anthony, died Douglass could no longer live in a white mans house so he was sent to live with Anthonys sister Lucretia Auld who then gave him to her Baltimore brother-in-law Hugh Auld. Barely a teenager, Douglass found himself in another new setting but this time surrounded by nothing but strangers. He turned this uneasy situation into a positive outcome by learning how to read and write from area children of white families though he had to keep it a secret from his Master Auld who forbade him from receiving an e ducation. Auld knew that if slaves learned to read they would become inspired by anti-slave literature which was the case for Douglass who attributed the Columbian Orator for inspiring his views on human rights. (Lewis, 2014). During his teen years Douglass was sold, transferred or hired-out to several other slave owners. While working for William Freedland, Douglass secretly taught class on the plantation which was faithfully attended by as many as 40 other slaves, a practice tolerated by Freedland but not by locals who, armed with various weapons, violently raided the make-shift classroom and ensured the clandestine practice ended. While working for Edward Covey, a slave owner with a brutal reputation, the young

Examine the key principles of utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Examine the key principles of utilitarianism Essay The theory of utilitarianism determines the rightness or wrongness of an action by its consequences. This is determined by measuring the amount of pleasure or pain brought to someone caused by an action. Utilitarianism is a teleological theory of ethics, this means that it is concerned with the outcome and the consequences, meaning that an act is not right or wrong in itself but is right or wrong depending on the outcome of said action. The main founder of this theory was Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). Bentham worked to fight many things during his time such as industrialisation, mass migration and poverty. Utilitarianism is a relativist system – meaning there are no fixed rules, it is also concequentialist – this means that morality is by the consequences that directly follow an action. Utilitarianism tends to be brought down to one main rule and that is: ‘The greatest good for the greatest number’ whilst the principle of this rule is aimed to satisfy the majority, it does have its flaw is the fact that the minority still suffer. The principle of utility, as mentioned before, is: ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ this means that if certain situations occur, advocates of utility would always choose the option that brought about the most pleasure for the most amount of people, this means that they would choose the action that brings about the better outcome, regardless as to whether or not the action may be perceived as right or wrong by society in normal circumstances due to the fact they are interested in bringing the most amount of pleasure possible. However, with this principle, comes a downside in the fact that whilst the majority may be satisfied or happy in a particular situation, there will always be a minority, regardless of how small, that are unhappy. However followers of the principle of utility may be encouraged to engage in wrong doings such as torture, whilst most would see this as an awful act, in certain circumstances, utilitarian’s may still take part in the act as it would bring about large amounts of pleasure for a large amount of people, with the minority still suffering, in this case, the person who was being tortured. The fact that utility is based on bringing about happiness this means that anyone who is an advocate of utilitarianism or follows the theory, is hedonistic, this means that they strive for pleasure and seek to avoid pain as often as possible, however what might be pleasure for some, may be pain for others. One that point, some may say that pleasure is subjective, meaning that pleasures are all different for different people, for example in a situation one may choose the option that he/she thinks will bring about a certain pleasure that they enjoy, however because they enjoy it, doesn’t me everyone will, so in actual fact even though they are trying to bring about pleasure due to their own tastes, they may not be causing any pleasure at all and may even cause some small elements of pain, due to the fact that people have different ideas on what pleasure is. Along with the point of different types of pleasure, J. S Mill stated that there are higher and lower pleasures in society, whilst he was around during the 19th century, obviously people’s views on pleasure has changed, however, Mill was thought to believe that opera and poetry were among the higher pleasures in life, whereas today, they may be seen as lower pleasures. One main question may be, ‘how does one measure pleasure?’ and in answer to that, Bentham devised the hedonic calculus, a form of calculation, designed to work out how great the pleasure or pain is that results from a particular action. There are 7 significant criteria identified by Jeremy Bentham and they are: Intensity (intense pleasure is the best), Duration (pleasure is better if it lasts longer), Certainty (pleasure that is definitely going to happen), Propinquity (pleasure that is close at hand), Fecundity (pleasure that promotes further pleasure), Purity (pleasure not mixed with pain) and Extent (pleasure that affects people). In order for an act to bring about a high amount of pleasure, it must satisfy majority of the criteria above, whilst it may be near impossible to find an act that satisfies all of the criteria, a pleasure will still be regarded as high or low, based on the amount of criteria met. Another key aspect of utilitarianism is that whilst there is act utilitarianism that focuses on the consequences regardless of the action taken place, there is also rule utilitarianism, created by J. S Mill. Rule utilitarianism the principle is applied to a selection of rules which are in turn, used to determine what to do in a particular situation. With rule utilitarianism, acts are either right or wrong regardless of what the outcome is. Rule utilitarianism can be easily compared to and agreeing with the law, in the fact that there are certain acts that are just plain wrong due to the fact that they are unlikely to bring out pleasure for a large amount of people, such as: murder or theft. With rule utilitarianism, it avoids the problem of ‘evil’ pleasures found with Bentham’s view, such as sadism. Rule utilitarianism also tends to bring about the most amount of pleasure without excluding the minority that suffer like act utilitarianism does, as rule doesn’t allow crimes against minorities that benefit the majority and allows the concept of justice. Rule utilitarianism came was devised due to the criticisms of Bentham’s act utilitarianism, in the case that act utilitarianism just follows the rules instead of trying to predict the outcomes. As well as the two already mentioned, there are more types of utilitarianism, such as: Preference utilitarianism and two-rule utilitarianism. Preference utilitarianism was devised by Peter Singer (1946-present), preference utilitarianism sought a way of decision making that took in to account the interest of the minority, unlike the previous theories. Singer stated that every individual’s preference must be taken in to account when deciding the best interests of the group and not only that, but every ones interests should be given equal value. Whilst the interests of the minority are more concerned with in this theory it still follows the fact that the right thing to do in a situation is what is best for the greatest number, however it has no reference to pleasure or pain. Preference utilitarianism has its own value that is followed, and that is: ‘The greatest amount of preference satisfaction, for the greatest amount of people’. With this theory it has advantages due to the fact that the minority do not tend to suffer as the ideology is concerned with preference satisfaction. The other utilitarianism was two-rule utilitarianism. This theory was created by R. M Hare (1919-2002) this is a theory that satisfies both act and rule utilitarianism by bringing both of their values together. In this theory, morality, based on rules and customs is acceptable for most situations, but occasionally we will need to use utilitarian thinking where we have to consider the consequences of an action. Whilst there is many different criticisms of both act and rule utilitarianism, Hare tried to bring them together with altercations to satisfy any criticisms. Those are many of the different important concepts that involve utilitarianism There are many key aspects to utilitarianism that I haven’t mentioned such as negative utilitarianism, Karl Popper (1902-1994) and motive utilitarianism, Robert Merrihew Adams (1937-present) these are all based around the main principle of utilitarianism however are not as well known as the other theories. Each of the features mentioned are key when it comes to understanding utilitarianism however, overall, I believe that the fact that everything fits in with everything else makes it a rather simple subject, on the whole, you know what the principle is and how simple it is, you know other theories that potentially challenge said theory but most of all you are given a way to measure and calculate it all. Overall I do agree with the theory of utilitarianism as life should be about pleasure and happiness, even if it is not available to you, either find it or bring it to others by an action. As a person who is an advocate of happiness and a hater of physical pain, I believe that life should continuously be one big happy moment, with that in mind, I would have to agree with the theory of utilitarianism, as its main principle is shared with my positive outlook, ‘bringing about pain for as many people as possible’. To what extent are these important concepts undermined by relevant criticisms (9) It could be argued that pleasure is subjective, meaning that pleasure is different for different people and may even link in with a social context in the fact that, what certain people find to be pleasurable may depend on social class, environment, background, social/peer groups etc , in the fact that an upper-middle class man may think of pleasure to be poetry or theatre, whereas a lower-working class man, may view pleasure as going to watch their favourite sports team and may find poetry or theatre boring, and vice versa. With that in mind we can refer back to J. S Mill’s theory of there being higher and lower pleasures, given this, it may affect the ideology of hedonism, in the fact that people all strive for happiness but with the idea to avoid pain. Another criticism is that utilitarianism as a whole can justify wrong doings in desperate times of need, such as torture, in extreme situations; it may be seen as justifiable to torture someone as long as it will bring about happiness to many people, even though such an act would usually be considered as unjustifiable and unequivocally wrong. Some critics of utilitarianism may also argue that pleasure has a negative knock on effect in the fact that pleasure for one person may cause pain to another, for example, if a job came down to two desperate people, whoever got it would be happy, the other; sad and upset. Some say that measuring pleasure was hard and therefore the hedonic calculus was created to make it easier, however it is still hard to apply and can also be impractical for quick response situations, where time is of the essence and not all of the criteria can be fully applied. The idea of utilitarianism is to predict outcomes and see how much pain/pleasure a particular action would bring; however, humans are not psychic and cannot accurately predict the future or the outcomes of an action. Linking to the point about one personas happiness comes another person’s pain, on a larger scale, whilst applying the utilitarianism principle, people are favouring the majority at the expense of the minority, whilst, in comparison they may seem more insignificant, when taking in to account the amount of people you’re helping, they are still humans that deserve happiness and avoid pain just like anyone else. Overall I do believe that there are many potential criticisms of the utilitarianism ideology however, I do not think anyone can argue against it by challenging its purpose and principle of bringing about happiness to a large amount of people, which in reality, is what most people strive for in life, as some would argue that there is no better feeling than happiness and joy.

Traditional Celebrations in Indonesia :: Essays Papers

Traditional Celebrations in Indonesia Introduction Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago. Archipelago is a large group of islands. Indonesia is composed of more than 17, 000 islands. West Indonesian Time zone, East Indonesian Time Zone, and East Indonesian Time Zone are the three climate zones in Indonesia. Indonesia is geographically located between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Its area is slightly less than three times the state of Texas. Indonesia borders East Timor, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea. The climates in this country are tropical humid and tends to be more moderate in the highlands. Petroleum, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soil, gold, and silver are Indonesia’s natural resources. There are occasional floods, severe droughts, earthquakes, and volcanoes that occur every so often. Indonesia’s population is 205,000,000 people and 88% of the population is Muslim. Javanese is the main language. The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. Indonesians have many brilliant wa ys of celebrating certain celebrations. I am going to be writing about celebrations in Indonesia such as: Indonesian’s Independence Day, a Traditional Wedding Ceremony, the Seventh Month of Pregnancy, and Ramadan. Independence Day August 17, 1945 is the date on which the Indonesians proclaimed their Independence. â€Å"The Indonesians fought and earned independence after more than 300 years under the Dutch occupation and followed by the Japanese occupation†(â€Å"Indonesian Independence Day† 1). Ever since this date, Indonesia celebrates their independence on the 17th day of August. This is just like the United States of America celebrating our independence on the Fourth of July of every year. Preparations for this holiday begin long before the actual celebration occurs. These preparations begin weeks before August 17th. Banners are hung all over. The banners consist of red and white colors. Red and white decorations are scattered all over and the words Long Live Indonesia can be seen almost everywhere. Indonesians use red and white for their banners because these are the colors of their flag. Indonesia’s flag has two horizontal stripes. The first stripe on the top is red. Red represents human blood and the white strip on the bottom symbolize the human spirit. Special activities are prepared for all of the neighborhood children. The schools also hold games and contests amongst the classes to see which class can decorate in the most patriotic manner. Musical selections are also held before and after Independence Day. A clean up day is usually held before the 17th to clean the streets, clean the gutters, and anything else that appears dirty.

Case in motivation and teamwork of Starbuck Essay

                 Formal teams are teams whose structures are clearly defined mainly of the basis of specialization. In these types of teams, the members are not equal and every one of them has a rank (Moorhead & Griffin, 73). For example, there are managers, supervisors and other junior employees. It is worthy noting that every member of a formal team performs their specific duties. For example, managers stay in their offices and issues directives to their juniors. On the other hand, informal teams have no structure and all team members are seen as equal regardless of their specialty. In these types of teams, any member can perform any task. Question 2               A team in Starbucks consists of three to six people and this helps the employees to know each other well. Any opinion expressed by employees is given an equal significance regardless of their position.                The top management at Starbucks work together with their juniors which makes them more familiar and closer compared to other bureaucratic companies.               The management at Starbucks treats all employees as equals and this is aimed at reducing the gap between the employees and the management.                   The top management at the company believes that employees are its main spirit. Consequently, the management adopts an interactive organizational structure that makes the employees love their jobs and perform them with passion. Question 3 a) The size of a team is an important factor because it determines how well the team members know each other. This is important because it brings about cohesion in the work place. b) The first benefit of Starbucks having small teams of staff in every branch is that the team members get to know each other better. Secondly, it improves communication within the group. Question 4                From the Starbucks case study, it is clear that there are three major issues that the company needs to address in its planning process namely listening to the opinion of its employees, equal treatment and ensuring good welfare for the employees.               Equal treatment- this is one of the major issues that the company needs to address in its planning process. Equal treatment requires all employees to be treated equally regardless of their position. According to the case study, it is clear that the management at the company treats all employees as equals and refers to them as partners. This is important because it narrows the gap between the employees and the management. Treating every employees fairly and equally in the workplace results in a friendly working environment. Consequently, if the issue of equal treatment is addressed in the planning process, it will help in creating closer working atmosphere and good management (Rynes & Rosen 64).                Listening to the employees- listening to the employees is other issue that requires to be addressed in the planning process. From the Starbucks case, it is clear that the company wants every employee to take part in developing plans and work as a team to achieve the set goals. Consequently, the company’s principles and policies are communicated to all employees, and there is no restriction in the employee’s individual opinions. By listening to the employees, makes them feel important which in turn motivates them hence increasing their productivity (Rynes & Rosen, 83). References Moorhead, G., & Griffin, R. W. Managing organizational behavior. (10th ed.). Cengage Learning., 2012. Print Rynes, S., & Rosen, B. A field survey of factors affecting the adoption and perceived success of diversity training. Personnel Psychology, 1995. Print Source document

A Comparison of Nihilistic and Christian Archetypes in...

Grendel, Beowulf and the Relationship Between Nihilistic and Christian Archetypes The Wisdom god, Woden, went out to the king of trolls†¦and demanded to know how order might triumph over chaos. â€Å"Give me your left eye,† said the king of trolls, â€Å"and I’ll tell you.† Without hesitation, Woden gave up his left eye. â€Å"Now tell me.† The troll said, â€Å"The secret is, Watch with both eyes!† Woden’s left eye was the last sure hope of gods and men in their kingdom of light surrounded by darkness. All we have left is Thor’s hammer, which represents not brute force but art, or, counting both hammerheads, art and criticism†¦ The philosophies expressed in the Beowulf epic complement the exploration of existentialism throughout the modern work,†¦show more content†¦Beowulf (G), the hero, is able to identify Grendel (G)’s pattern and destroy him. Since mankind could only defeat Grendel (G) by creating a hero more powerful than him, the hero represents a kind of process that ultimately creates a greater monster. Therefore, using these archetypes, Gardner and the Beowulf poet use the same story to illuminate the difference between ancient and modern society; Beowulf (AS) is the proper representative of the Anglo-Saxon society, and Grendel (G) is the proper representative of the modern world. Grendel’s role remains the same in both books; the role of a monster that embodies humanity’s fears, a creature that human society creates. Grendel (AS) exists as a mindless perversion of nature. He represents one branch of the human society created by God that is distorted by evil. However Grendel (G) exists as just another aspect of nature, outside of human society; until he is transformed by his contact with mankind, the concept of â€Å"monster† does not apply to Grendel (G.) â€Å"In viewing the monstrous body as a metaphor for the cultural body†¦beasts, demons, freaks, and fiends are symbolic expressions of cultural unease that pervades a society and shapes its collective behavior.† (Cohen). This is especially true of Grendel (G), whose attempts to interact with